ArticleScientific reports2021
Variable intraspecific space use supports optimality in an apex predator.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Selective Harvests of Brown Bears Associated With Increasing Skull Size and Older Age Structure.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Integrating spatial and behavioral data provides comprehensive assessment of grizzly bear-ecotourism coexistence in Nuxalk Territory.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Travel specific resource selection by female Kodiak brown bears during the sockeye salmon spawning season.Movement ecology · 2024Article
- Identifying signals of memory from observations of animal movements.Movement ecology · 2024Review
- Variable effects of wolves on niche breadth and density of intraguild competitors.Ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Maternal carryover, winter severity, and brown bear abundance relate to elk demographics.PloS one · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Within optimality theory, an animal's home range can be considered a fitness-driven attempt to obtain resources for survival and reproduction while minimizing costs. We assessed whether brown bears (Ursus arctos) in two island populations maximized resource patches within home ranges (Resource Dispersion Hypothesis [RDH]) or occupied only areas necessary to meet their biological requirements (Temporal Resource Variability Hypothesis [TRVH]) at annual and seasonal scales. We further examined how intrinsic factors (age, reproductive status) affected optimal choices. We found dynamic patterns of space use between populations, with support for RDH and TRVH at both scales. The RDH was likely supported seasonally as a result of bears maximizing space use to obtain a mix of nutritional resources for weight gain. Annually, support for RDH likely reflected changing abundances and distributions of foods within different timber stand classes. TRVH was supported at both scales, with bears minimizing space use when food resources were temporally concentrated. Range sizes and optimal strategies varied among sex and reproductive classes, with males occupying larger ranges, supporting mate seeking behavior and increased metabolic demands of larger body sizes. This work emphasizes the importance of scale when examining animal movement ecology, as optimal behavioral decisions are scale dependent.
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