ArticleSexually transmitted infections2022
Effect of police enforcement and extreme social inequalities on violence and mental health among women who sell sex: findings from a cohort study in London, UK.
Article in Sexually transmitted infections, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, risk and resilience factors of mental health conditions among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sexual and Physical Violence Against Female Sex Workers in Iran: Findings from a Nationwide Survey in 2024.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Health inequities faced by sex workers.The Lancet. Public health · 2026Review
- Peer advocacy and access to hospital care for people who are homeless in London, UK, 2019-2023: a cohort study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of emotional and behavioral problems among adolescent offspring of female sex workers and residents of urban slum, Bangladesh.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- The impact of policing and homelessness on violence experienced by women who sell sex in London: a modelling study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Correlation analysis between sleep quality and the mental health status of female sex workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei Province.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Article
- The Effect of Systemic Racism and Homophobia on Police Enforcement and Sexual and Emotional Violence among Sex Workers in East London: Findings from a Cohort Study.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo examine legal and social determinants of violence, anxiety/depression among sex workers.
methodsA participatory prospective cohort study among women (inclusive of transgender) ≥18 years, selling sex in the last 3 months in London between 2018 and 2019. We used logistic generalised estimating equation models to measure associations between structural factors on recent (6 months) violence from clients or others (local residents, strangers), depression/anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-4).
results197 sex workers were recruited (96% cisgender-women; 46% street-based; 54% off-street) and 60% completed a follow-up questionnaire. Street-based sex workers experienced greater inequalities compared with off-street in relation to recent violence from clients (73% vs 36%); police (42% vs 7%); intimate partner violence (IPV) (56% vs 18%) and others (67% vs 17%), as well as homelessness (65% vs 7%) and recent law enforcement (87% vs 9%). Prevalence of any STI was 17.5% (17/97). For street-based sex workers, recent arrest was associated with violence from others (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.77; 95% CI 1.11 to 6.94) and displacement by police was associated with client violence (aOR 4.35; 95% CI 1.36 to 13.90). Financial difficulties were also associated with client violence (aOR 4.66; 95% CI 1.64 to 13.24). Disability (aOR 3.85; 95% CI 1.49 to 9.95) and client violence (aOR 2.55; 95% CI 1.10 to 5.91) were associated with anxiety/depression. For off-street sex workers, financial difficulties (aOR 3.66; 95% CI 1.64 to 8.18), unstable residency (aOR 3.19; 95% CI 1.36 to 7.49), IPV (aOR 3.77; 95% CI 1.30 to 11.00) and alcohol/drug use were associated with client violence (aOR 3.16; 95% CI 1.26 to 7.92), while always screening and refusing clients was protective (aOR 0.36; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.87). Disability (aOR 5.83; 95% CI 2.34 to 14.51), unmet mental health needs (aOR 3.08; 95% CI 1.15 to 8.23) and past eviction (aOR 3.99; 95% CI 1.23 to 12.92) were associated with anxiety/depression.
conclusionsViolence, anxiety/depression are linked to poverty, unstable housing and police enforcement. We need to modify laws to allow sex workers to work safely and increase availability of housing and mental health services.
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