Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34702737›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

An uncommon neuronal class conveys visual signals from rods and cones to retinal ganglion cells.

Brent K Young, Charu Ramakrishnan, Tushar Ganjawala, Ping Wang, Karl Deisseroth, Ning Tian

Open access · bronzeAbstract readVideo-Audio Media
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Longitudinal in vivo CaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Brent K YoungDepartment of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132.ORCID 0000-0002-4185-0277
Charu RamakrishnanDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Tushar GanjawalaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202.
Ping WangDepartment of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132.
Karl DeisserothDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Ning TianDepartment of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132; ning.tian@hsc.utah.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-0491-278X
University of Utah · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USStanford University · USWayne State University · US

Funding

University of Utah, Core Vision Research GrantP30EY014800 · NEI · UTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI PAUL STEVEN BERNSTEIN · 2005 to 2026
$14.6M
DEVELOPMENT OF SYNAPTIC PATHWAYS IN RETINAR01EY012345 · NEI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI TIAN, NING · 1999 to 2015
$5.1M
Vision Research Training Grant at the University of UtahT32EY024234 · NEI · UTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI DAVID KRIZAJ, Monica L Vetter · 2014 to 2026
$2.3M
Mechanisms underlying CD3ζ guided assembly of retinal circuitsR01EY031699 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI TIAN, NING · 2020 to 2023
$1.5M
Multiphoton Microscope for Deep Tissue ImagingS10OD025017 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI BENTOLILA, LAURENT A. · 2018 to 2018
$599k
BLRD VA I01 BX002412Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNEI NIH HHS P30 EY014800NEI NIH HHS R01 EY012345NEI NIH HHS R01 EY031699NEI NIH HHS T32 EY024234NIH HHS S10 OD025017
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) are distinguished by the neurotransmitter types they release, their synaptic connections, morphology, and genetic profiles. To fully understand how the CNS works, it is critical to identify all neuronal classes and reveal their synaptic connections. The retina has been extensively used to study neuronal development and circuit formation. Here, we describe a previously unidentified interneuron in mammalian retina. This interneuron shares some morphological, physiological, and molecular features with retinal bipolar cells, such as receiving input from photoreceptors and relaying visual signals to retinal ganglion cells. It also shares some features with amacrine cells (ACs), particularly Aii-ACs, such as their neurite morphology in the inner plexiform layer, the expression of some AC-specific markers, and possibly the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine. Thus, we unveil an uncommon interneuron, which may play an atypical role in vision.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiological EvolutionCallithrixInterneuronsMacacaMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicRetinaStaining and LabelingVision, Ocularamacrine cellbipolar cellglycinergic interneuronretina cell classtranssynaptic

Identifiers

PMID34702737
PMCPMC8612366
OpenAlexW3208576149

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.