ArticleBJPsych open2021
Mental health risk factors during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in BJPsych open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of changes to work circumstances enforced by COVID-19 on anxiety: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- COVID-19-Related Experiences and the Psychological Wellbeing of Adolescent Girls in Uganda: A Cross-sectional Study.Global social welfare : research, policy & practice · 2024Article
- Article
- Shifts in medical cannabis use in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2023Article
- Letter to the Editor: Acute Coronary Syndrome Trends and COVID-19 Waves (Response to the Letter of Čulić et al.).Heart, lung & circulation · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDuring the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, distancing measures were enforced to reduce virus spread, which likely had an impact on the overall mental health of the population.
aimsTo investigate the prevalence of mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety and insomnia), and associated risk factors, during a physical distancing period imposed in the first wave of COVID-19.
methodDuring the first month of Portugal's state of emergency, an online survey was created and disseminated through social media channels. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were assessed via self-reported questionnaires. Univariate linear regressions were used to identify associations between the collected variables and mental health outcomes. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for clinical outcomes, with adjustment for potential confounders.
resultsWe analysed data from 1626 participants: a significant proportion showed depression (30.2%), anxiety (53.1%) and insomnia (36.3%) symptoms. Multivariate regression models showed that being male and working from home were protective for all mental health outcomes analysed, whereas the perception of infection, being under psychiatric care and taking medication were risk factors (P < 0.05). Days in isolation and being unemployed were risk factors for depression and insomnia (P < 0.05). Younger age and being a student were risk factors for depression, whereas being a healthcare professional was protective (P < 0.05). Indirect contact with COVID-19 was a risk factor for anxiety (P < 0.05).
conclusionsCOVID-19-related distancing measures were associated with high levels of adverse mental health symptoms. Several risk factors were associated with these symptoms, which highlight the importance of identifying vulnerable groups during physical distancing periods.
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