ArticleBMC surgery2021
Risk factors of pin tract infection during bone transport using unilateral external fixator in the treatment of bone defects.
Article in BMC surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Primary closure versus secondary healing of pin sites after the removal of provisional external fixator: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Spooky action at a distance: neuromodulation, physiologic distress signals, and limb preservation.Burns & trauma · 2026Review
- Managing Pin Tracts in Open Tibial Fractures: The Role of Medical Waste Rubber Bung.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- [Effect of accordion technique and deferoxamine on promoting bone regeneration in distraction osteogenesis].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2024Article
- Treatment of tibial bone defects caused by infection: a retrospective comparative study of bone transport using a combined technique of unilateral external fixation over an intramedullary nail versus circular external fixation over an intramedullary nail.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Complications associated with single-level bone transport for the treatment of tibial bone defects caused by fracture-related infection.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- A Combination of Ilizarov Frame, Externalized Locking Plate and Tibia Bridging for an Adult with Large Tibial Defect and Severe Varus Deformity Due to Chronic Osteomyelitis in Childhood: A Case Report.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Risk factors of transport gap bending deformity in the treatment of critical-size bone defect after bone transport.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Complication of lengthening and the role of post-operative care, physical and psychological rehabilitation among fibula hemimelia.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Review
- Efficacy comparison of trifocal bone transport using unilateral external fixator for femoral and tibial bone defects caused by infection.BMC surgery · 2022Article
- Clinical Outcome following Management of Severe Osteomyelitis due to Pin Site Infection.Strategies in trauma and limb reconstructionArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe bone transport using the unilateral external fixator, one of the Ilizarov techniques, is widely practiced in lower limb reconstructive surgery. Pin tract infection (PTI), one of most common complication, has become the important postoperative problems which plague clinicians gradually.
methodsA group of 130 patients who received bone transport surgery for tibia or femur defects using the unilateral external fixation (Orthofix limb reconstruction system, Verona, Italy) and met the inclusion criteria were selected for the study from 2015 to 2019. Regular pin tract care was performed twice a day, and the conditions of the pin tract were evaluated by the same observer using clinical appearance criteria. The Saw's classification of PTI was used to assess the condition around screws. After the data were significant by the T-test or Pearson's Chi-square test analyzed, odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression tests to describe factors associated with the diagnosis of PTI.
resultsNinety-one males and thirty-nine females with a mean age of 43 years (range 28-58 years) were included in this cohort. 7816 observations were documented from 12 to 36 months, and 58 cases (44.6%) of PTI (thirty-nine cases in grade 1, 17 cases in grade 2, and 2 cases in grade 3). The top five risk factors were agricultural work (OR 1.86, CI 0.94-2.39), non-urban living (OR 1.75, CI 1.24-3.26), male (OR 1.71, CI 1.02-2.31), smoking (OR 1.53, CI 0.76-1.89), and diabetes (OR 1.26, CI 1.12-2.64). No long-term sequelae were observed at the latest clinical visit.
conclusionOccupation, gender, living environment (non-urban), smoking, and diabetes were the top five significant risk factors for PTI in the period of bone transport using unilateral external fixation. Awareness of predictable risk factors of PTI is beneficial to avoid or early detect the severe complications which can affect the effectiveness.
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