ArticleBMC infectious diseases2021
Coronavirus seasonality, respiratory infections and weather.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of weather and urban environment characteristics on upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Estimating the effect of self-protection on transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Germany in 2021: a modelling study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Assessing the Impact of Timing and Coverage of United States COVID-19 Vaccination Campaigns: A Multi-Model Approach.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Circulation of Human Coronaviruses in SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza-negative patients with respiratory infections during Ghana's 2021 COVID-19 pandemic.Ghana medical journal · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics and phylogeography of HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 in Thailand, 2024-2025.PloS one · 2026Article
- Optimal pandemic control strategies and cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions in the United States.BMC global and public health · 2025Article
- Investigating the Relationships Between COVID-19 Cases, Public Health Interventions, Vaccine Coverage, and Mean Temperature in Ontario and Toronto.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and clinical profile of viral respiratory infections in children under 5 years at pre- and post-COVID-19 era in Praia, Cabo Verde.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Article
- Article
- Virus Monitoring in Denmark: A Community-Based Self-Sampling System to Surveil Respiratory Viruses and Associated Symptoms.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Acute Respiratory Viral Infections Among Adult Patients in Edirne, Turkey.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal clusters of acute respiratory infections associated with socioeconomic, meteorological, and air pollution factors in South Punjab, Pakistan.BMC public health · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Recovery and Cardiovascular Health: The Interplay Between Fetuin-A and Blood Pressure.Cureus · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence of coronaviruses in European bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Persistence and free chlorine disinfection of human coronaviruses and their surrogates in water.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- [Impact of the pandemic on various infectious diseases with different epidemiological patterns of seasonality, transmission and age].Revista espanola de salud publica · 2024Article
- Article
- Airborne transmission efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters is not influenced by environmental conditions.Npj viruses · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe survival of coronaviruses are influenced by weather conditions and seasonal coronaviruses are more common in winter months. We examine the seasonality of respiratory infections in England and Wales and the associations between weather parameters and seasonal coronavirus cases.
methodsRespiratory virus disease data for England and Wales between 1989 and 2019 was extracted from the Second-Generation Surveillance System (SGSS) database used for routine surveillance. Seasonal coronaviruses from 2012 to 2019 were compared to daily average weather parameters for the period before the patient's specimen date with a range of lag periods.
resultsThe seasonal distribution of 985,524 viral infections in England and Wales (1989-2019) showed coronavirus infections had a similar seasonal distribution to influenza A and bocavirus, with a winter peak between weeks 2 to 8. Ninety percent of infections occurred where the daily mean ambient temperatures were below 10 °C; where daily average global radiation exceeded 500 kJ/m
conclusionsThe dynamics of seasonal coronaviruses reflect immunological, weather, social and travel drivers of infection. Evidence from studies on different coronaviruses suggest that low temperature and low radiation/sunlight favour survival. This implies a seasonal increase in SARS-CoV-2 may occur in the UK and countries with a similar climate as a result of an increase in the R
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.