ArticleJournal of psychiatric research2021
Comparative risk of suicide by specific substance use disorders: A national cohort study.
Article in Journal of psychiatric research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sex-Specific Association of Alcohol Use Disorder With Suicide Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Lifetime substance use disorder and suicidal behaviour: a population-based familial co-aggregation register study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Deliberate self-harm and suicide in individuals with cannabis-related hospital contacts in Ontario, Canada.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Factors associated with self-harm in patients with substance use disorders who died by suicide: national hybrid questionnaire registry study.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2026Article
- Geographic variation in the utilisation of specialist healthcare for patients with substance use disorders in Norway: a population-based registry study.Research in health services & regions · 2026Article
- Metabolomic and gut microbial biomarkers of smoking cessation treatment in long-term drug therapy: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Relative Risk of All-Cause Mortality Associated With Cannabis Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.Health science reports · 2025Review
- Street ketamine use and differential risk of suicidality among adults in Taiwan.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- The annual trend of suicide rates from 2010 to 2021 in patients with cannabis use disorder - a national registry study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- "General Addiction Liability" Revisited.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Association of substance use with suicide mortality: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Review
- Factors Associated with Attempted Suicide Among Emergency Department Patients with Nonfatal Opioid Overdose.Substance use & misuse · 2025Observational
- Does the Path From Cigarette Smoking to Suicide Death Go Through the Hospital? A Causal Mediation Analysis in a National Canadian Sample.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
- Phenome-wide diagnostic comparison among suicide deaths and living individuals with chronic pain diagnoses.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Suicide Rates and Subgroups With Elevated Suicide Risk Among Patients With Psychiatric Disorders: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Article
- In Vitro Hepatotoxicity of Routinely Used Opioids and Sedative Drugs.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- The role of substance use disorders in the transition from suicide attempt to suicide death: a record linkage study of a Swedish cohort.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Drug use and suicidal ideation in the daily lives of individuals in a dialectical behavior therapy program.Journal of clinical psychology · 2023Article
- The Role of Substance Use Disorders on Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts: A Nationally Representative Study of Adolescents and Adults in the United States, 2020.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2023Article
- Risk of non-fatal suicide attempt in individuals with substance use disorder: the roles of aggregate genetic liability and environmental exposures in a Swedish population-based cohort.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are important risk factors for suicide, yet little is known about how suicide risks vary by specific SUDs. We examined these risks for the first time in a large general population to facilitate comparisons across SUDs. A national cohort study was conducted of all 6,947,191 adults in Sweden. SUDs (opioid, sedative/hypnotic, hallucinogen, cannabis, amphetamine, cocaine, and alcohol use disorders) were identified using inpatient, outpatient, and crime data, and suicide deaths using nationwide death data with follow-up during 2003-2016. Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for suicide death while adjusting for sociodemographic factors and psychiatric, SUD, and somatic comorbidities. Co-sibling analyses assessed for confounding by unmeasured shared familial (genetic and/or environmental) factors. In 79.8 million person-years of follow-up, 15,616 (0.2%) suicide deaths were identified. All SUDs were associated with significantly increased risks, with HRs ranging from 12- to 26-fold and 2.5- to 6.4-fold before and after adjusting for covariates, respectively. After adjusting for all covariates, opioid use disorder was the strongest risk factor (HR, 6.39; 95% CI, 5.53-7.38) (P ≤ 0.002 compared with any other SUD), followed by sedative/hypnotic use disorder (4.62; 4.06-5.27) (P ≤ 0.009 compared with any other SUD except opioid or hallucinogen). Most associations persisted after controlling for shared familial factors, consistent with causal effects. In this large national cohort, all SUDs were associated with significantly increased risks of suicide death, especially opioid and sedative/hypnotic use disorders. These findings may improve risk stratification and inform interventions to prevent suicide in the highest-risk subgroups with SUDs.
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