Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34700009›Full record

SynthesisAgeing research reviews2021

Prevalence of multidimensional frailty and pre-frailty in older people in different settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nicola Veronese, Carlo Custodero, Alberto Cella, Jacopo Demurtas, Sabrina Zora, Stefania Maggi, Mario Barbagallo, Carlo Sabbà, Luigi Ferrucci, Alberto Pilotto

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Ageing research reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07182747 (Feasibility of a Multidisciplinary Intervention Programme Carried Out by Nursing and Physical Activity and Sports Sciences Students to Improve Frailty and Other Related Variables in Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes.), which is not on this map. Cited by 151 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
151citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07182747 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Feasibility of a Multidisciplinary Intervention Programme Carried Out by Nursing and Physical Activity and Sports Sciences Students to Improve Frailty and Other Related Variables in Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes.

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversidad de AlmeriaRan2025 to 2026Enrolled60ConditionsFrailtyArmsNursing students' intervention programme, Standard care from Public Andalusian Health Service
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

151 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Global Prevalence of Cognitive Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Asia-Pacific psychiatry : official journal of the Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

91 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Nicola VeroneseGeriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: nicola.veronese@unipa.it.
Carlo CustoderoDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Alberto CellaDepartment Geriatric Care, Orthogeriatrics and Rehabilitation, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy.
Jacopo DemurtasClinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Sabrina ZoraDepartment Geriatric Care, Orthogeriatrics and Rehabilitation, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy.
Stefania MaggiNational Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Padua, Italy.
Mario BarbagalloGeriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Carlo SabbàDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Luigi FerrucciIntramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, MD, USA.
Alberto PilottoDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy; Department Geriatric Care, Orthogeriatrics and Rehabilitation, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy.

Funding

Intramural NIH HHS Z99 AG999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Frailty is a common condition in older people. The epidemiological data available, however, are mainly based on the physical frailty phenotype. An extensive literature has suggested that frailty should be identified using a multidimensional approach. Based on these recommendations, we estimated the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty in the older population, using the multidimensional prognostic index (MPI), a common tool for defining multidimensional frailty. We searched several databases until 10th May 2021 for studies reporting the prevalence of frailty according to MPI values. MPI was categorized, where possible, in < 0.33 (robustness), 0.33-0.66 (pre-frailty) and > 0.66 (frailty) or using a RECursive Partition and AMalgamation approach. A meta-analysis of the prevalence, with the correspondent 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of pre-frailty and frailty was performed stratified by setting (population-based, ambulatory, nursing home, and hospital). Among 177 papers initially screened, we included 57 studies for a total of 56,407 older people. The mean age was 78.6 years, with a slight prevalence of women (58%). The overall prevalence of multidimensional frailty (MPI-3) was 26.8% (95%CI: 22.1-31.5), being higher in nursing home setting (51.5%) and lower in population-based studies (13.3%). The prevalence of pre-frailty (MPI-2) was 36.4% (95%CI: 33.1-39.7), being higher in hospital setting (39.3%) and lower in nursing home (20%). In conclusion, frailty and pre-frailty, according to a multidimensional definition, are common in older people affecting, respectively, one person over four and one over three. Our work further strengths the importance of screening frailty in older people using a multidimensional approach.

Indexed as

FrailtyAgedFemaleFrail ElderlyGeriatric AssessmentHumansPrevalencePrognosisComprehensive geriatric assessmentEpidemiologyFrailtyMultidimensional prognostic indexPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID34700009
PMCPMC12149324

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.