SynthesisThe Science of the total environment2022
A review on measurements of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in air in outdoor and indoor environments: Implication for airborne transmission.
Synthesis in The Science of the total environment, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Viral cultures for assessing airborne infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 air sampling: A systematic review on the methodologies for detection and infectivity.Indoor air · 2022Pooled it
- Review of an intelligent indoor environment monitoring and management system for COVID-19 risk mitigation.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Portable air cleaners and residential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 aerosols: A real-world study.Indoor air · 2022Trial
- Characterization of aerosols generated during suspected aerosol-generating procedures in healthcare settings.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Survival and transmission fitness of SARS-CoV-2 over the time-of-flight in an aerosolization chamber.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- A Pilot Study Exploring the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Employees Handling Healthcare Waste in Selected Healthcare Risk Waste Facilities in Johannesburg, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Persistence of Phi6, a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate, in simulated indoor environments: Effects of humidity and material properties.PloS one · 2025Article
- Airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected during deliveries with unmasked patients.Infection prevention in practice · 2024Article
- Surveillance of respiratory viruses by aerosol screening in indoor air as an early warning system for epidemics.Environmental microbiology reports · 2024Article
- Reducing Transmission of Airborne Respiratory Pathogens: A New Beginning as the COVID-19 Emergency Ends.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Review
- "Parametric study on the age of air in a full-scale office room using perforated duct diffusers."Heliyon · 2024Article
- Exploring indoor and outdoor dust as a potential tool for detection and monitoring of COVID-19 transmission.iScience · 2024Article
- Development of optimal indoor air disinfection and ventilation protocols for airborne infectious diseases.PloS one · 2024Article
- Air Change Rate and SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Hospitals and Residences: A Meta-Analysis.Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research · 2024Article
- Environmental predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence in Catalonia (northwestern Mediterranean).Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Comparison of "hock-a-loogie" saliva versus nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for detecting common respiratory pathogens.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Peculiar weather patterns effects on air pollution and COVID-19 spread in Tokyo metropolis.Environmental research · 2023Observational
- Virus-laden droplet nuclei in vortical structures associated with recirculation zones in indoor environments: A possible airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2.Environmental advances · 2023Review
- mHealth and eHealth Applications for a Medicalized Quarantine Hotel during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Applied clinical informatics · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been object of debate in the scientific community since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic. This mechanism of transmission could arise from virus-laden aerosol released by infected individuals and it is influenced by several factors. Among these, the concentration and size distribution of virus-laden particles play an important role. The knowledge regarding aerosol transmission increases as new evidence is collected in different studies, even if it is not yet available a standard protocol regarding air sampling and analysis, which can create difficulties in the interpretation and application of results. This work reports a systematic review of current knowledge gained by 73 published papers on experimental determination of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in air comparing different environments: outdoors, indoor hospitals and healthcare settings, and public community indoors. Selected papers furnished 77 datasets: outdoor studies (9/77, 11.7%) and indoor studies (68/77. 88.3%). The indoor datasets in hospitals were the vast majority (58/68, 85.3%), and the remaining (10/68, 14.7%) were classified as community indoors. The fraction of studies having positive samples, as well as positivity rates (i.e. ratios between positive and total samples) are significantly larger in hospitals compared to the other typologies of sites. Contamination of surfaces was more frequent (in indoor datasets) compared to contamination of air samples; however, the average positivity rate was lower compared to that of air. Concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in air were highly variables and, on average, lower in outdoors compared to indoors. Among indoors, concentrations in community indoors appear to be lower than those in hospitals and healthcare settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.