ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2022
A mix of chlorogenic and caffeic acid reduces C/EBPß and PPAR-γ1 levels and counteracts lipid accumulation in macrophages.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Berry Dietary Interventions in Metabolic Syndrome: New Insights.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Research progress on the molecular mechanisms of chlorogenic acid's pharmacological effects and its advanced drug delivery systems.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Palmitic and oleic acids induce macrophage foam cell formation through C/EBPβ activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The C/EBPβ-SESN2 Axis Promotes M2b Macrophage Polarization Induced by T.cp-MIF to Suppress Inflammation in Thelazia Callipaeda Infection.Inflammation · 2025Article
- The Impact of the Drying Process on the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Dried Ripe Coffee Cherry Pulp Soluble Powder.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Natural products in atherosclerosis therapy by targeting PPARs: a review focusing on lipid metabolism and inflammation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Efferocytosis by macrophages in physiological and pathological conditions: regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanisms of Sinapine Alleviate Macrophage Foaming.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Guanxinning Tablet Attenuates Coronary Atherosclerosis via Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Tibetan Minipigs Induced by a High-Fat Diet.Journal of immunology research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeChlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeic acid (CA) are bioactive compounds in whole grains, berries, apples, some citrus fruits and coffee, which are hypothesized to promote health-beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of CGA and CA to reduce lipid accumulation in macrophages, recognized as a critical stage in the progression of atherosclerosis. Furtherly, the modulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ1 (PPAR-γ1), as transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism, was evaluated.
methodsTHP-1-derived macrophages were treated for 24 h with 0.03, 0.3, 3 and 30 μM of CGA and CA, tested alone or in combination, and a solution of oleic/palmitic acid (500 μM, 2:1 ratio). Lipid storage was assessed spectrophotometrically through fluorescent staining of cells with Nile red. C/EBPβ and PPAR-γ1 mRNA and protein levels were evaluated by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.
resultsThe mix of CGA + CA (1:1 ratio) reduced lipid accumulation at all concentrations tested, except for the highest one. The greatest effect ( - 65%; p < 0.01) was observed at the concentration of 0.3 μM for each compound. The same concentration significantly (p < 0.01) downregulated C/EBPβ and PPAR-γ1 gene expression and reduced their protein levels at 2 h and 24 h, respectively.
conclusionThe results indicate that the capacity of CGA + CA mix to reduce lipid storage in macrophages is mediated by a reduction in the expression of transcription factors C/EBPβ and PPAR-γ1.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.