SynthesisThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022
Testosterone Therapy With Subcutaneous Injections: A Safe, Practical, and Reasonable Option.
Synthesis in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping of sex hormones in the testicular vein of healthy men.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- The Intersection of Androgens and Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Comparing the Stability and Detectability of Testosterone Esters in Capillary Serum, Sodium Fluoride-Containing Plasma, and Dried Blood Spots After Testosterone Ester Administration.Drug testing and analysis · 2026Article
- Review
- Real-World Outcomes and Safety of Testosterone Therapy: A Longitudinal, Retrospective Cohort Study of Over 9,000 Men.The world journal of men's health · 2026Article
- A Star-PEGylation Strategy to Improve Testosterone Pharmacokinetics.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Emerging Use Disorder, Mechanisms of Action, and Clinical Considerations for Pharmacotherapy.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2026Article
- Treatment of Symptomatic Male Hypogonadism with New Oral Testosterone Therapies: A Comparative Review of Jatenzo, Tlando, and Kyzatrex.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Testosterone and Obesity in an Aging Society.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Injectable Estradiol Use in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals throughout the United States.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Cross-sex hormone therapy in rats induces sex-specific adaptations of renal function and sodium transporters expression.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Assessing the impact of resistance training on renal function of female wistar rats under cross-sex hormone therapy.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Clinical and Biochemical Outcomes in Transgender Individuals Undergoing Hormone Therapy: Protocol for a Systematic Review.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Histological ovarian features and hormonal determinations in assigned females at birth transgender individuals according to different testosterone preparations.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Review
- Trans Dermal Testosterone Compared to Intramuscular Testosterone for Young Males with Delayed Puberty: A PRISMA Guided Systematic Review.International journal of general medicine · 2023Review
- Pharmacokinetic comparison of three delivery systems for subcutaneous testosterone administration in female mice.General and comparative endocrinology · 2022Article
- A Comparative Analysis of the Common Injections Performed by Plastic Surgeons: 2012 and 2019.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2022Article
- Self-injection experiences among transgender people on injectable gender-affirming hormone therapy: A narrative review.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextInjections with intramuscular (IM) testosterone esters have been available for almost 8 decades and not only result in predictable serum testosterone levels but are also the most inexpensive modality. However, they are difficult to self-administer and associated with some discomfort. Recently, subcutaneous (SC) administration of testosterone esters has gained popularity, as self-administration is easier with this route. Available data, though limited, support the feasibility of this route. Here we review the pharmacokinetics and safety of SC testosterone therapy with both long- and ultralong-acting testosterone esters. In addition, we provide guidance for clinicians on how to counsel and manage their patients who opt for the SC route. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Systematic review of available literature on SC testosterone administration including clinical trials, case series, and case reports. We also review the pharmacology of testosterone absorption after SC administration. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Available evidence, though limited, suggests that SC testosterone therapy in doses similar to those given via IM route results in comparable pharmacokinetics and mean serum testosterone levels. With appropriate training, patients should be able to safely self-administer testosterone esters SC with relative ease and less discomfort compared with the IM route.
conclusionAlthough studies directly comparing the safety of SC vs IM administration of testosterone esters are desirable, clinicians should consider discussing the SC route with their patients because it is easier to self-administer and has the potential to improve patient adherence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.