ArticlePhytotherapy research : PTR2021
Garcinia kola and garcinoic acid suppress SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1-induced hyper-inflammation in human PBMCs through inhibition of NF-κB activation.
Article in Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tocotrienol metabolites redirect lipid mediator production in innate immune cells towards inflammation resolution.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Vitamins impacting mental/physical well-being during viral pandemics: a mechanistic review based on COVID-19: a comprehensive review.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Garcinoic acid promotes ferroptosis-associated growth inhibition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through an MDM2-associated mechanism.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Traditional use of Garcinia kola Heckel in Nigeria - the results of questionnaire survey compared with scientific evidence.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Discovery of anti-inflammatory compounds from the stem bark of Garcinia latissima through in vitro and in silico approaches.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Vitamin E Derivative Garcinoic Acid Suppresses NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis in Murine Macrophages.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Advances in acute respiratory distress syndrome: focusing on heterogeneity, pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- The selective ERβ agonist AC 186 reduces polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C)-induced inflammatory responses in BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Ethanol extract ofIranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2025Article
- Modulation ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Polyoxygenated Terpenoids and Polyketides from the Roots ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Vitamin E and Metabolic Health: Relevance of Interactions with Other Micronutrients.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Phytocompounds and COVID-19: Two years of knowledge.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2022Article
- The Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) in Development and Treatment of COVID-19: Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Garcinia kola and garcinoic acid suppress SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1-induced hyper-inflammation in human PBMCs through inhibition of NF-κB activation.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Symptoms and complications associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and organ damage have been linked to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1-induced increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by immune cells. In this study, the effects of an extract of Garcinia kola seeds and garcinoic acid were investigated in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1-stimulated human PBMCs. Results of ELISA experiments revealed that Garcinia kola extract (6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg/ml) and garcinoic acid (1.25, 2.5, and 5 μM) significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1-induced secretion of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 in PBMCs. In-cell western assays showed that pre-treatment with Garcinia kola extract and garcinoic acid reduced expressions of both phospho-p65 and phospho-IκBα proteins, as well as NF-κB DNA binding capacity and NF-κB-driven luciferase expression following stimulation of PBMCs with spike protein S1. Furthermore, pre-treatment of PBMCs with Garcinia kola extract prior to stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 resulted in reduced damage to adjacent A549 lung epithelial cells. These results suggest that the seed of Garcinia kola and garcinoic acid are natural products which may possess pharmacological/therapeutic benefits in reducing cytokine storm in severe SARS-CoV-2 and other coronavirus infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.