Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34697381›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Tuberculosis in badgers where the bovine tuberculosis epidemic is expanding in cattle in England.

Benjamin Michael Connor Swift, Elsa Sandoval Barron, Rob Christley, Davide Corbetta, Llorenç Grau-Roma, Chris Jewell, Colman O'Cathail, Andy Mitchell, Jess Phoenix, Alison Prosser and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Survey ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. An investigation ofInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Benjamin Michael Connor SwiftThe Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
Elsa Sandoval BarronSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK.
Rob ChristleyInstitute of Infection, Veterinary Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK.
Davide CorbettaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
Llorenç Grau-RomaInstitute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
Chris JewellCentre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK.
Colman O'CathailSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK.
Andy MitchellAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK.
Jess PhoenixDepartment of Sociology, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK.
Alison ProsserAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK.
Catherine ReesSchool of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK.
Marion SorleySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK.
Ranieri VerinDipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università Degli Studi di Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
Malcolm BennettSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK. m.bennett@nottingham.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important animal health and economic problem for the cattle industry and a potential zoonotic threat. Wild badgers (Meles meles) play a role on its epidemiology in some areas of high prevalence in cattle, particularly in the UK and Republic of Ireland and increasingly in parts of mainland Europe. However, little is known about the involvement of badgers in areas on the spatial edge of the cattle epidemic, where increasing prevalence in cattle is seen. Here we report the findings of a study of found-dead (mainly road-killed) badgers in six counties on the edge of the English epidemic of bTB in cattle. The overall prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) infection detected in the study area was 51/610 (8.3%, 95% CI 6.4-11%) with the county-level prevalence ranging from 15 to 4-5%. The MTC spoligotypes of recovered from badgers and cattle varied: in the northern part of the study area spoligotype SB0129 predominated in both cattle and badgers, but elsewhere there was a much wider range of spoligotypes found in badgers than in cattle, in which infection was mostly with the regional cattle spoligotype. The low prevalence of MTC in badgers in much of the study area, and, relative to in cattle, the lower density of sampling, make firm conclusions difficult to draw. However, with the exception of Cheshire (north-west of the study area), little evidence was found to link the expansion of the bTB epidemic in cattle in England to widespread badger infection.

Indexed as

Animal DiseasesAnimalsCattleEnglandGeography, MedicalIncidenceMustelidaePrevalencePublic Health SurveillanceTuberculosisTuberculosis, Bovine

Identifiers

PMID34697381
PMCPMC8545939

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.