ArticleScientific reports2021
Toxic element levels in ingredients and commercial pet foods.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physicochemical Quality and Chemical Safety of Commercial Wet Cat Food: Composition, Oxidation, Biogenic Amines, and Trace Elements.Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition · 2026Article
- Diet Metabarcoding Reveals Correlations Between the Consumption of Slugs and Hepatic Toxicants in European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus).Integrative zoology · 2026Article
- Comparison of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Pb levels in dry cat foods containing different protein sources (poultry, fish, red meat) and in cats consuming these diets.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Does the definition of human ultra-processed foods apply to dog and cat foods? A review of pet food processing techniques, their impact on health, and a call for pet food processing classification.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- The Values of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Prescription and Non-prescription Dry Cat and Dog Diets in Turkey.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Multiple contaminant detection in commercially available chicken-based cat kibbles in Italy.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Assessment of mineral adequacy in preprepared raw dog foods labeled as complete.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pet food safety at risk? Investigating toxic metal contamination in Lebanon and the UAE.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Serum aluminum in 176 feline patients with application to the diagnostic approach to a tremoring patient with kidney disease receiving aluminum hydroxide therapy.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Individual and combined contamination of the toxic metals in commercial cat and dog food.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Mineral and heavy metal content in dry dog foods with different main animal components.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Microspatial distribution of trace elements in feline dental hard tissues: early life exposure to essential and toxic elements.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Nutritional Composition and Untargeted Metabolomics Reveal the Potential ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a growing concern about contamination of toxic metals (TM) in pet food due to the great potential for health risks of these elements. TM concentrations in commercial pet foods (n = 100) as well as in ingredients used in their composition (n = 100) were analyzed and compared to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) maximum tolerable level (MTL), and the TM concentrations found in the different sources of carbohydrate, protein, and fat were compared. The TM concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Concentrations above the MTL for aluminum, mercury, lead, uranium, and vanadium were observed in both dog and cat foods, and the percentage of dog foods that exceeded the MTL of these TM were: 31.9%; 100%; 80.55%; 95.83%; and 75%, respectively, and in cat foods: 10.71%; 100%; 32.14%; 85.71%; 28.57%, respectively. The MTL values of these TMs and the mean values in dog foods (mg/kg dry matter basis) (MTL [mean ± standard deviation]) were: aluminum: 200 (269.17 ± 393.74); mercury: 0.27 (2.51 ± 1.31); lead: 10 (12.55 ± 4.30); uranium: 10 (76.82 ± 28.09); vanadium: 1 (1.35 ± 0.69), while in cat foods were: aluminum: 200 (135.51 ± 143.95); mercury: 0.27 (3.47 ± 4.31); lead: 10 (9.13 ± 5.42); uranium: 10 (49.83 ± 29.18); vanadium: 1 (0.81 ± 0.77). Dry foods presented higher concentrations of most TM (P < 0.05) than wet foods (P < 0.05). Among the carbohydrate sources, there were the highest levels of all TM except cobalt, mercury, and nickel in wheat bran (P < 0.05), while among the protein sources, in general, animal by-products had higher TM concentrations than plant-based ingredients. Pork fat had higher concentrations of arsenic, mercury, and antimony than fish oil and poultry fat. It was concluded that the pet foods evaluated in this study presented high concentrations of the following TM: aluminum, mercury, lead, uranium, and vanadium.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.