ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2021
Immune landscape in vulvar cancer-draining lymph nodes indicates distinct immune escape mechanisms in support of metastatic spread and growth.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of gynecologic cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Guideline
- A Phase II Basket Trial of Dual Anti-CTLA-4 and Anti-PD-1 Blockade in Rare Tumors SWOG S1609: Vulvar Cancers.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Mechanisms of systemic immune modulation in tumor development: Interactions across lymph nodes, bone marrow, and blood.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) association in metastatic and non-metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Targeting the tumor microenvironment: reprogramming macrophages as a novel therapeutic strategy in FUOM-deficient glioblastoma.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- CA-125/albumin and lymphocyte/albumin ratios as complementary biomarkers to the malignancy risk index in ovarian cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Topohistology of dendritic cells and macrophages in the distal and proximal nodes along the lymph flow from the lung.Journal of anatomy · 2025Article
- Article
- Improving the Anti-Tumor Effect of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitor CY1-4 by CY1-4 Nano-Skeleton Drug Delivery System.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Article
- Circ-0044539 promotes lymph node metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through exosomal-miR-29a-3p.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Localization of macrophages and dendritic cells in human thoracic lymph nodes: An immunohistochemical study using surgically obtained specimens.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Gynecologic Cancers.Cancers · 2023Review
- Managing the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma: the outlook for osteosarcoma treatment.Bone research · 2023Review
- The Premetastatic Lymph Node Niche in Gynecologic Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Simultaneous and Spatially-Resolved Analysis of T-Lymphocytes, Macrophages and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint in Rare Cancers.Cancers · 2022Article
- Immunosuppressive cells in cancer: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2022Review
- Enhancement of antitumor immunotherapy using mitochondria-targeted cancer cell membrane-biomimetic MOF-mediated sonodynamic therapy and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
- Immunotherapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of HPV-Associated (Pre-)Cancer of the Cervix, Vulva and Penis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTherapeutic immune intervention is highly dependent on the T-cell priming and boosting capacity of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN). In vulvar cancer, in-depth studies on the immune status of (pre)metastatic TDLN is lacking.
methodsWe have phenotyped and enumerated various T-cell and myeloid subsets in tumor-free (LN-, n=27) and metastatic TDLN (LN+, n=11) using flow cytometry. Additionally, we studied chemokine and cytokine release profiles and assessed expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in relation to plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) or myeloid subsets.
resultsMetastatic involvement of TDLN was accompanied by an inflamed microenvironment with immune suppressive features, marked by hampered activation of migratory DC, increased cytokine/chemokine release, and closely correlated elevations of pDC and LN-resident conventional DC (LNR-cDC) activation state and frequencies, as well as of terminal CD8
conclusionsMetastatic spread in vulvar TDLN is marked by an inflamed microenvironment with activated effector T cells, which are likely kept in check by an interplay of suppressive feedback mechanisms. Our data support (neoadjuvant) TDLN-targeted therapeutic interventions based on CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade, to reinvigorate memory T cells and curb early metastatic spread and growth.
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