Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34697114›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2021

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ethnic minority communities: a qualitative study on the perspectives of ethnic minority community leaders.

Fesani Mahmood, Dev Acharya, Kanta Kumar, Vibhu Paudyal

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diagnosis and management of new brain tumours in children and young people (aged < 16 years old) in the UK.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2025
    Observational
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  12. From polarity to plurality: Perceptions of COVID-19 and policy measures in England and Scotland.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024
    Article
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  15. Improving Pathways to Care for Ethnic Minority Communities.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Fesani MahmoodSchool of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Dev AcharyaFaculty of Education, Health & Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK.
Kanta KumarInstitute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Vibhu PaudyalSchool of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK V.Paudyal@bham.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-4173-6490

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo explore the perspectives of ethnic minority community leaders in relation to: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their communities; and their community's perception, understanding and adherence to government guidelines on COVID-19 public health measures.

designA phenomenological approach was adopted using qualitative semistructured interviews. SETTINGS: Community organisations and places of worships in the West Midlands, England.

participantsCommunity leaders recruited through organisations representing ethnic minority communities and religious places of worship.

resultsA total of 19 participants took part. Participants alluded to historical and structural differences for the observed disparities in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Many struggled with lockdown measures which impeded cultural and religious gatherings that were deemed to be integral to the community. Cultural and social practices led to many suffering on their own as discussion of mental health was still deemed a taboo within many communities. Many expressed their community's reluctance to report symptoms for the fear of financial and physical health implications. They reported increase in hate crime which was deemed to be exacerbated due to perceived insensitive messaging from authority officials and historical racism in the society. Access and adherence to government guidelines was an issue for many due to language and digital barriers. Reinforcement from trusted community and religious leaders encouraged adherence. Points of support such as food banks were vital in ensuring essential supplies during the pandemic. Many could not afford or have access to masks and sanitisers.

conclusionThe study highlights the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ethnic minority communities. Government agencies and public health agencies need to integrate with the community, and community leaders can enable dissemination of key messages to deliver targeted yet sensitive public health advice which incorporates cultural and religious practices. Addressing the root causes of disparities is imperative to mitigate current and future pandemics.

Indexed as

COVID-19PandemicsCommunicable Disease ControlEthnicityHumansMinority GroupsSARS-CoV-2COVID-19public healthqualitative research

Identifiers

PMID34697114
PMCPMC8557242

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.