ArticleBMJ global health2021
Modelling the effect of infection prevention and control measures on rate of
Article in BMJ global health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Agent-based modelling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Reducing spatial clustering to prevent tuberculosis transmission in a busy Zambian hospital: a modelling study based on person movements, environmental and clinical data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- The relative contribution of close-proximity contacts, shared classroom exposure and indoor air quality to respiratory virus transmission in schools.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Strategies for Tuberculosis Prevention in Healthcare Settings: A Narrative Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- The relative contribution of close-proximity contacts, shared classroom exposure and indoor air quality to respiratory virus transmission in schools.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Infection prevention and control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and airborne tuberculosis transmission during primary care visits in South Africa.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025Article
- Estimating Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in a South African clinic: Spatiotemporal model based on person movements.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Case studies of health economic analyses informing pharmaceutical health technology assessments for essential medicine selection and public-sector guidelines in South Africa.International journal of technology assessment in health care · 2024Article
- Qualitative system dynamics modelling to support the design and implementation of tuberculosis infection prevention and control measures in South African primary healthcare facilities.Health policy and planning · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis infection prevention and control interventions in South African clinics: a model-based economic evaluation informed by complexity science methods.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Time to change the way we think about tuberculosis infection prevention and control in health facilities: insights from recent research.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2023Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB services at ART programmes in low- and middle-income countries: a multi-cohort survey.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Estimating the contribution of transmission in primary healthcare clinics to community-wide TB disease incidence, and the impact of infection prevention and control interventions, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Article
- Direct estimates of absolute ventilation and estimated Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission risk in clinics in South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Estimating waiting times, patient flow, and waiting room occupancy density as part of tuberculosis infection prevention and control research in South African primary health care clinics.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Implementation Status of Airborne Infection Control Measures in Primary and Secondary Public Health Facilities, Puducherry: A Mixed-Methods Study.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundElevated rates of tuberculosis in healthcare workers demonstrate the high rate of
methodsAn individual-based model of patient movements through clinics, ventilation in waiting areas, and
resultsIn the model, (1) outdoor waiting areas reduced the transmission to clinic attendees by 83% (IQR 76%-88%), (2) UVGI by 77% (IQR 64%-85%), (3) appointment systems by 62% (IQR 45%-75%), (4) opening windows and doors by 55% (IQR 25%-72%), (5) masks by 47% (IQR 42%-50%), (6) clinic retrofits by 45% (IQR 16%-64%) and (7) increasing the coverage of CCMDD by 22% (IQR 12%-32%).
conclusionsThe majority of the interventions achieved median reductions in the rate of transmission to clinic attendees of at least 45%, meaning that a range of highly effective intervention options are available, that can be tailored to the local context. Measures that are not traditionally considered to be IPC interventions, such as appointment systems, may be as effective as more traditional IPC measures, such as mask wearing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.