Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34696726›Full record

ReviewBMC microbiology2021

Xanthomonas bacteriophages: a review of their biology and biocontrol applications in agriculture.

Ritah Nakayinga, Angela Makumi, Venansio Tumuhaise, William Tinzaara

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BMC microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed
9.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  8. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Development of the first EuropeanFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Enhanced control of pathogenicApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025
    Article
  15. Efficacy ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Genome sequence data ofData in brief · 2024
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Ritah NakayingaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, P.O. Box 1, Kyambogo, Uganda. nakayingar@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-1136-0971
Angela MakumiDepartment of Animal and Human Health, General Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 3070, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
Venansio TumuhaiseDepartment of Agriculture, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Kyambogo University, P.O. Box 1, Kyambogo, Uganda.
William TinzaaraDepartment of Agriculture, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Kyambogo University, P.O. Box 1, Kyambogo, Uganda.
Kyambogo University · UGInternational Livestock Research Institute · KE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Phytopathogenic bacteria are economically important because they affect crop yields and threaten the livelihoods of farmers worldwide. The genus Xanthomonas is particularly significant because it is associated with some plant diseases that cause tremendous loss in yields of globally essential crops. Current management practices are ineffective, unsustainable and harmful to natural ecosystems. Bacteriophage (phage) biocontrol for plant disease management has been of particular interest from the early nineteenth century to date. Xanthomonas phage research for plant disease management continues to demonstrate promising results under laboratory and field conditions. AgriPhage has developed phage products for the control of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. These are causative agents for tomato, pepper spot and speck disease as well as citrus canker disease.Phage-mediated biocontrol is becoming a viable option because phages occur naturally and are safe for disease control and management. Thorough knowledge of biological characteristics of Xanthomonas phages is vital for developing effective biocontrol products. This review covers Xanthomonas phage research highlighting aspects of their ecology, biology and biocontrol applications.

Indexed as

Biological Control AgentsBacteriophagesCrops, AgriculturalEcosystemHost SpecificityPlant DiseasesVirus ReplicationXanthomonasBiological Control AgentsDistributionHost rangeIsolation sourceLife cyclePhage efficacyTaxonomy

Identifiers

PMID34696726
PMCPMC8543423
OpenAlexW3208379871

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.