ReviewViruses2021
The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis-A Preliminary Report.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple Sclerosis and Viruses: « Liaisons Dangereuses ».Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- ICD-10 Diagnoses prior to ME/CFS diagnosis in children and young people suggest potential early diagnostic indicators.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Development of Selected Neurological Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- MHC Class II Presentation in Autoimmunity.Cells · 2023Review
- Newly Diagnosed Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesion and Multiple Sclerosis After COVID-19 Infection.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2023Article
- Vulnerability of Parkinson's Patients to COVID-19 and Its Consequences and Effects on Them: A Systematic Review.Parkinson's disease · 2023Review
- Autoimmunity and Immunodeficiency in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Prolonged COVID-19.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Review
- Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with COVID-19: A case series and review.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2022Review
- Initial clinical presentation of multiple sclerosis with concurrent COVID-19 infection: Case report and literature review.Current journal of neurology · 2022Article
- The role of antiviral CD8Current opinion in neurobiology · 2022Review
- Review
- Parkinson's Disease in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Frequency of Neurological Diseases After COVID-19, Influenza A/B and Bacterial Pneumonia.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Case report: Multiple sclerosis diagnosis after anterior lumbar interbody fusion and presumed COVID-19 infection.Surgical neurology international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that mainly affects the lungs. COVID-19 symptoms include the presence of fevers, dry coughs, fatigue, sore throat, headaches, diarrhea, and a loss of taste or smell. However, it is understood that SARS-CoV-2 is neurotoxic and neuro-invasive and could enter the central nervous system (CNS) via the hematogenous route or via the peripheral nerve route and causes encephalitis, encephalopathy, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in COVID-19 patients. This review discusses the possibility of SARS-CoV-2-mediated Multiple Sclerosis (MS) development in the future, comparable to the surge in Parkinson's disease cases following the Spanish Flu in 1918. Moreover, the SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a cytokine storm. This review highlights the impact of these modulated cytokines on glial cell interactions within the CNS and their role in potentially prompting MS development as a secondary disease by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is neurotropic and could interfere with various functions of neurons leading to MS development. The influence of neuroinflammation, microglia phagocytotic capabilities, as well as hypoxia-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration, are mechanisms that may ultimately trigger MS development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.