ArticleViruses2021
Identification and Characterization of Swine Influenza Virus H1N1 Variants Generated in Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated, Challenged Pigs.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity of a Triple-Reassortant H1N1 Swine Influenza Virus Isolated in Guangdong.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Vaccine-induced antigenic drift of a human-origin H3N2 Influenza A virus in swine alters glycan binding and sialic acid avidity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Evolutionary analysis of Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase gene variation in H1N1 swine influenza virus from vaccine intervention in China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Safety and Efficacy upon Infection in Sheep with Rift Valley Fever Virus ZH548-rA2, a Triple Mutant Rescued Virus.Viruses · 2024Article
- Does Vaccine-Induced Maternally-Derived Immunity Protect Swine Offspring against Influenza a Viruses? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Challenge Trials from 1990 to May 2021.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Article
- Genetic diversification patterns in swine influenza A virus (H1N2) in vaccinated and nonvaccinated animals.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Vaccination against swine influenza in pigs causes different drift evolutionary patterns upon swine influenza virus experimental infection and reduces the likelihood of genomic reassortments.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Evolution of Swine Influenza Virus H3N2 in Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Pigs after Previous Natural H1N1 Infection.Viruses · 2022Article
- H1N1 Influenza Virus-Infected Nasal Mucosal Epithelial Progenitor Cells Promote Dendritic Cell Recruitment and Maturation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Identification of Single Amino Acid Changes in the Rift Valley Fever Virus Polymerase Core Domain Contributing to Virus AttenuationFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza viruses represent a continuous threat to both animal and human health. The 2009 H1N1 A influenza pandemic highlighted the importance of a swine host in the adaptation of influenza viruses to humans. Nowadays, one of the most extended strategies used to control swine influenza viruses (SIVs) is the trivalent vaccine application, whose formulation contains the most frequently circulating SIV subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2. These vaccines do not provide full protection against the virus, allowing its replication, evolution, and adaptation. To better understand the main mechanisms that shape viral evolution, here, the SIV intra-host diversity was analyzed in samples collected from both vaccinated and nonvaccinated animals challenged with the H1N1 influenza A virus. Twenty-eight whole SIV genomes were obtained by next-generation sequencing, and differences in nucleotide variants between groups were established. Substitutions were allocated along all influenza genetic segments, while the most relevant nonsynonymous substitutions were allocated in the NS1 protein on samples collected from vaccinated animals, suggesting that SIV is continuously evolving despite vaccine application. Moreover, new viral variants were found in both vaccinated and nonvaccinated pigs, showing relevant substitutions in the HA, NA, and NP proteins, which may increase viral fitness under field conditions.
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