ReviewViruses2021
Airborne Transmission of Avian Origin H9N2 Influenza A Viruses in Mammals.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Influenza Viruses and Influencing Factors: A Systematic Review of Recent Findings.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- A novel self-amplified RNA vaccine co-expressing NA and HA1 delivered by Salmonella confers potent protection against H9N2 influenza in chickens.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Avian influenza preparedness in Ghana: a cross-sectional assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among residents of Nsawam-Adoagyiri Municipality, Eastern Region.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiological characteristics of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in the external environment of western Zhejiang, China, 2014-2025.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Overcoming Challenges in Avian Influenza Diagnosis: The Role of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Poultry Health Monitoring.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Complex Reassortment Dynamics of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Xinjiang, China: Implications for Zoonotic Spillover.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- The H5N6 Virus Containing Internal Genes From H9N2 Exhibits Enhanced Pathogenicity and Transmissibility.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Establishment of a Real-Time Fluorescence Isothermal Recombinase-Aided Amplification Method for the Detection of H9 Avian Influenza Virus.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Effectively Evaluating a Novel Consensus Subunit Vaccine Candidate to Prevent the H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Molecular Markers and Mechanisms of Influenza A Virus Cross-Species Transmission and New Host Adaptation.Viruses · 2024Review
- Recent H9N2 avian influenza virus lost hemagglutination activity due to a K141N substitution in hemagglutinin.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Genetic Diversity of Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in Waterbirds in Northeast Italy Using Two Different Sampling Strategies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Risk distribution of human infections with avian influenza A (H5N1, H5N6, H9N2 and H7N9) viruses in China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Antigenic mapping of the hemagglutinin of the H9 subtype influenza A viruses using sera from Japanese quail (Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Avian Influenza: Strategies to Manage an Outbreak.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Assessing compatibility and viral fitness between poultry-adapted H9N2 and wild bird-derived neuraminidases.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Differential Impact of Specific Amino Acid Residues on the Characteristics of Avian Influenza Viruses in Mammalian Systems.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are widespread viruses affecting avian and mammalian species worldwide. IAVs from avian species can be transmitted to mammals including humans and, thus, they are of inherent pandemic concern. Most of the efforts to understand the pathogenicity and transmission of avian origin IAVs have been focused on H5 and H7 subtypes due to their highly pathogenic phenotype in poultry. However, IAV of the H9 subtype, which circulate endemically in poultry flocks in some regions of the world, have also been associated with cases of zoonotic infections. In this review, we discuss the mammalian transmission of H9N2 and the molecular factors that are thought relevant for this spillover, focusing on the HA segment. Additionally, we discuss factors that have been associated with the ability of these viruses to transmit through the respiratory route in mammalian species. The summarized information shows that minimal amino acid changes in the HA and/or the combination of H9N2 surface genes with internal genes of human influenza viruses are enough for the generation of H9N2 viruses with the ability to transmit via aerosol.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.