ReviewViruses2021
The Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Human small non-coding tRNA-derived fragments as key hallmarks of host-virus interaction in viral infections.Cell & bioscience · 2026Review
- Computational proteomics to enhance personalized treatment of COVID-19 and Long COVID.Clinical proteomics · 2026Review
- Temporal and gene-specific dynamics of codon usage evolution in SARS-CoV-2 genomes.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Placental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in mother-neonate pairs: a prospective nested cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Dynamics of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated to COVID-19: steady severity despite declining cases and new SARS-CoV-2 variants-a single-center cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Convergent Mechanisms in Virus-Induced Cancers: A Perspective on Classical Viruses, SARS-CoV-2, and AI-Driven Solutions.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Utility of compartmental models to test the competing hypotheses of pathogen evolution and human intervention.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Current Updates on Variants of SARS-CoV- 2: Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2024Review
- Efficacy of late-onset antiviral treatment in immunocompromised hosts with persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Advances in nanobiosensors during the COVID-19 pandemic and future perspectives for the post-COVID era.Nano convergence · 2024Review
- Immunological insights into COVID-19 in Southern Nigeria.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Dynamic variations in COVID-19 with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Kazakhstan and Pakistan.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Article
- Reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Strategies to tackle SARS-CoV-2 Mu, a newly classified variant of interest likely to resist currently available COVID-19 vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Article
- Host tRNA-Derived RNAs Target the 3'Untranslated Region of SARS-CoV-2.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Their Effect on SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies, Convalescent and Vaccine Plasma by a Novel Web Tool.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
- Ocular Surface Changes Associated with Face Masks in Healthcare Personnel during COVID-19 Pandemic.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
At the end of 2019 a newly emerged betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the cause of an outbreak of severe pneumonia, subsequently termed COVID-19, in a number of patients in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, SARS-CoV-2 rapidly spread globally, resulting in a pandemic that has to date infected over 200 million individuals and resulted in more than 4.3 million deaths. While SARS-CoV-2 results in severe disease in 13.8%, with increasing frequency of severe disease with age, over 80% of infections are asymptomatic or mild. The immune response is an important determinant of outcome following SARS-CoV-2 infection. While B cell and T cell responses are associated with control of infection and protection against subsequent challenge with SARS-CoV-2, failure to control viral replication and the resulting hyperinflammation are associated with severe COVID-19. Towards the end of 2020, several variants of concern emerged that demonstrate increased transmissibility and/or evasion of immune responses from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article reviews what is known about the humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and how mutation and structural/functional changes in the emerging variants of concern impact upon the immune protection from prior infection or vaccination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.