ReviewVaccines2021
Buccal and Sublingual Vaccines: A Review on Oral Mucosal Immunization and Delivery Systems.
Review in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Effect of Capromorelin and Extended-Release Buprenorphine on Body Weight in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus).Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026Article
- Harnessing pro-inflammatory and immunopathologic immune responses in urinary tract infections for vaccine development: it's all about a balance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA platforms for mucosal HIV vaccines: formulation advances, immune mechanisms, and translational pathways.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Recent Advancements in Non-Invasive Vaccination Strategies.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Sublingual and Buccal Delivery: A Historical and Scientific Prescriptive.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Assessment ofMolecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Delivery of PLGA-Loaded Influenza Vaccine Microparticles Using Dissolving Microneedles Induces a Robust Immune Response.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- The Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Potential Applications of Bilosomes as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Bioavailability Enhancement and Formulation Technologies of Oral Mucosal Dosage Forms: A Review.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Sublingual immunization with E2-CD154 protein and the STING agonist c-di-AMP confers protection against classical swine fever virus in pigs.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Clarification of a unique mucosal vaccination route for improved systemic and mucosal immune response in broiler.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Sublingual immune cell clusters and dendritic cell distribution in the oral cavity.JCI insight · 2024Article
- UNAM-HIMFG Bacterial Lysate Activates the Immune Response and Inhibits Colonization of Bladder of Balb/c Mice Infected with the Uropathogenic CFT073International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Biopolymer Drug Delivery Systems for Oromucosal Application: Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical R&D.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Pivotal role ofFrontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Repurposing mucosal delivery devices for live attenuated tuberculosis vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Mucosal Adjuvants Delivered by a Mucoadhesive Patch for Sublingual Administration of Subunit Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Currently, most vaccines available on the market are for parental use; however, this may not be the best option on several occasions. Mucosal routes of administration such as intranasal, sublingual, and buccal generate great interest due to the benefits they offer. These range from increasing patient compliance to inducing a more effective immune response than that achieved through conventional routes. Due to the activation of the common mucosal immune system, it is possible to generate an effective systemic and local immune response, which is not achieved through parenteral administration. Protection against pathogens that use mucosal entry routes is provided by an effective induction of mucosal immunity. Mucosal delivery systems are being developed, such as films and microneedles, which have proven to be effective, safe, and easy to administer. These systems have multiple advantages over commonly used injections, which are simple to manufacture, stable at room temperature, painless for the patient since they do not require puncture. Therefore, these delivery systems do not require to be administered by medical personnel; in fact, they could be self-administered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.