Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34696085›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021

A Propagation Study of LoRa P2P Links for IoT Applications: The Case of Near-Surface Measurements over Semitropical Rivers.

Amado Gutiérrez-Gómez, Víctor Rangel, Robert M Edwards, John G Davis, Raúl Aquino, Jesús López-De la Cruz, Oliver Mendoza-Cano, Miguel Lopez-Guerrero, Yu Geng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Special Issue "Rain Sensors".Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Evaluation of Radio Communication Links of 4G Systems.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Amado Gutiérrez-GómezSchool of Engineering, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Building Q-Valdes Vallejo, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación de Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-5672-4225
Víctor RangelSchool of Engineering, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Building Q-Valdes Vallejo, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación de Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-3346-3565
Robert M Edwards5G Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2906-7754
John G Davis5G Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
Raúl AquinoSchool of Telematics, University of Colima, 333 University Avenue, Colima 28045, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-8242-0695
Jesús López-De la CruzFaculty of Civil Engineering, University of Colima, km. 9, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Col. Jardines del Llano, Coquimatlán, Colima 28400, Mexico.
Oliver Mendoza-CanoFaculty of Civil Engineering, University of Colima, km. 9, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Col. Jardines del Llano, Coquimatlán, Colima 28400, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-9614-4946
Miguel Lopez-GuerreroDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Iztapalapa 09340, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-5987-8780
Yu Geng5G Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7743-5115

Funding

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EP/P029221/1-1-J15413/14/15
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) radio networks are becoming popular in several scenarios for short-range applications (e.g., wearables and home security) and medium-range applications (e.g., shipping container tracking and autonomous farming). They have also been proposed for water monitoring in flood warning systems. IoT communications may use long range (LoRa) radios working in the 915 MHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. In this research, we study the propagation characteristics of LoRa chirp radio signals close to and over water in a tropical meadow region. We use as a case study the Colima River in Mexico. We develop a novel point-to-point IoT measurement sounding system that does not require decoding of LoRa propriety bursts and provides accurate power versus distance profiles along the riparian zone of a steeply dropping mountain river. We used this system to obtain the measurements reported in this work, which are also analyzed and modeled. The results show that the LoRa signal propagation over water exhibits a log-normal distribution. As a result of the chirp signal processing, two new experimental path loss models are presented. The path loss results show a considerable degradation of the received signal power over water within vegetation and less signal degradation at antenna heights closer to the water surface.

Indexed as

chirp modulationinternet of thingspath loss

Identifiers

PMID34696085
PMCPMC8540641

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.