ArticleNature2021
Untimely TGFβ responses in COVID-19 limit antiviral functions of NK cells.
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In one paragraph
Article in Nature, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 155 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
155citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
19.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
155 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 275 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Assessing the Potential of an Enzymatically Liberated Salmon Oil to Support Immune Health Recovery from Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection via Change in the Expression of Cytokine, Chemokine and Interferon-Related Genes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Trial
- Natural killer cells against viral infection: from basic biology to immunotherapy.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Single-cell sequencing reveals NK cell dysregulation during chronic HIV infection and identifies transitional NK cell cytotoxicity related to HIV reservoir decay.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- The Rayleigh Quotient and Contrastive Principal Component Analysis II.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immune modulatory vaccines targeting tumor microenvironment antigens: recent advances in oncology and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Early life group 2 innate lymphoid cells in health and disease.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Review
- A perfect storm: the immunological and pathophysiological landscape of pediatric post-COVID-19 condition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Colorectal cancer organoids drive hypoxia, TGF-β, and patient-specific diversification of NK cell activation programs.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- The recombinant zoster vaccine induces trained immunity in monocytes through persistent downregulation of TGFβ.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Interferon-mediated NK cell activation increases cytolytic activity against T follicular helper cells and limits antibody response to SARS-CoV-2.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Mapping NK cell diversity in response to COVID-19 and mRNA vaccination.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- An RGD motif on SARS-CoV-2 Spike induces TGF-β signaling and downregulates interferon.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Single-cell sequencing reveals the expansion and diversity of T cell subsets in the bone marrow microenvironment of chronic myeloid leukemia.Genes & diseases · 2025Article
- From Viral Infection to Malignancy: The Dual Threat of EBV and COVID-19 in Cancer Development.Viruses · 2025Review
- Severity-specific immune landscape of COVID-19 revealed by single-cell sequencing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dendritic Cells and Their Crucial Role in Modulating Innate Lymphoid Cells for Treating and Preventing Infectious Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Natural killer cell dysfunction is associated with colorectal cancer with severe COVID-19.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
44 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Mario Witkowski *Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany. mario.witkowski@charite.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-5558
Caroline Tizian *Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6798-3406
Marta Ferreira-Gomes *Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7171-7952
Daniela NiemeyerInstitute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1897-6365
Terry C JonesInstitute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1120-9531
Frederik HeinrichTherapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-5422
Stefan FrischbutterDermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3971-7343
Stefan AngermairDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-6968
Thordis HohnsteinLaboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
Irene MattiolaLaboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-9947
Philipp NawrathLaboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
Sophie McEwenLaboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
Silvia ZoccheDepartment of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
Edoardo VivianoInstitute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Gitta Anne HeinzTherapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-3689
Marcus MaurerDermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4121-481X
Uwe KölschDepartment of Immunology, Labor Berlin, Charité-Vivantes, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5052-5049
Robert Lorenz ChuaCenter for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Tom AschmanDepartment of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2101-6146
Christian MeiselDepartment of Immunology, Labor Berlin, Charité-Vivantes, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0222-991X
Josefine RadkeDepartment of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-2007
Birgit SawitzkiInstitute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8166-8579
Jobst RoehmelDepartment of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-8852
Kristina AllersDepartment of Medicine (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
Verena MoosDepartment of Medicine (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
Thomas SchneiderDepartment of Medicine (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
Leif HanitschInstitute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
Marcus A MallDepartment of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4057-2199
Christian ConradCenter for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Helena RadbruchDepartment of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-3397
Claudia U DuerrLaboratory of Mucosal Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5010-3994
Joseph A TrapaniCancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Emanuela MarcenaroDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4103-7566
Tilmann KallinichDepartment of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Victor M CormanInstitute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3605-0136
Florian KurthDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3807-473X
Leif Erik SanderDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0476-9947
Christian DrostenInstitute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7923-0519
Sascha TreskatschDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0549-7680
Pawel DurekTherapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.
Andrey KruglovChronic Inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.
Andreas RadbruchCell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-0000
Mir-Farzin MashreghiTherapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-6907
Andreas DiefenbachLaboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany. andreas.diefenbach@charite.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9176-9530
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin · DELeibniz Association · DECharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DEEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology · RUPeter MacCallum Cancer Centre · AUUniversität Hamburg · DEUniversity of Cambridge · GBUniversity of Genoa · IT
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes COVID-19. Given its acute and often self-limiting course, it is likely that components of the innate immune system play a central part in controlling virus replication and determining clinical outcome. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes with notable activity against a broad range of viruses, including RNA viruses
Indexed as
Atlases as TopicCOVID-19Gene Expression RegulationHumansImmunity, InnateInfluenza, HumanKiller Cells, NaturalRNA-SeqSARS-CoV-2Single-Cell AnalysisTime FactorsTransforming Growth Factor betaViral LoadVirus ReplicationTransforming Growth Factor beta
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