Observational studyPloS one2021
Prevalence, risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of second trimester bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Observational study in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of bacterial vaginosis on preterm birth: a meta-analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of bacterial vaginosis on induced labour in the third trimester of pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Cleanliness Grades as Clinical Indicators of Vaginal Infection Burden in Women from Northern Madagascar: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Base gap switches as transcriptional regulators and their applications as biosensors.Nature sensors · 2026Article
- Bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy and birth outcomes: Evidence from a prospective cohort in the middle belt of Ghana.PloS one · 2026Article
- Association of substance use and vaginal infection with UTI in adolescent pregnant patients: a retrospective study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- The burden of infertility in north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, a high-fertility region: a cross-sectional study.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Development of a Protein-Free Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Assay forAnalytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Comparing the efficacy of probiotic plus antibiotic with the Antibiotic Therapy alone on the recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Factors associated with Nugent-bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy and postpartum among women in rural northwestern Bangladesh.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Association between bacterial vaginosis, Chlamydia trachomatis infection and tubal factor infertility in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Prevalence and clinical correlates ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Second trimester vaginalFrontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Observational
- Identification and pattern of antifungal susceptibility ofIranian journal of microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common gynecological condition in women of reproductive age and associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), neonatal mortality rate is as high as 2.8 percent with preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) as leading causes. Because no studies have addressed BV in DRC, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of BV, the risk factors and the association between BV and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a population of pregnant women from Bukavu, DRC.
methodsA total of 533 pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy were recruited in the Provincial Reference Hospital of Bukavu, DRC, between January and October 2017, and followed until delivery. Clinical and sociodemographic data of mother and newborn, and data on (vaginal) hygiene practices, sexual behavior and reproductive history were collected. BV was diagnosed by Nugent scoring of Gram-stained vaginal smears. Two multivariate regression models were built to identify risk factors for BV and to investigate BV as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
resultsThe prevalence of BV was 26.3% and approximately half of the women with BV were asymptomatic. Independent risk factors for BV were the use of alternatives to water for intravaginal washing, concurrent partners, unemployed status, the presence of vaginal Candida and clay consumption. BV was independently associated with both LBW and PTB of an infant with LBW.
conclusionThe prevalence of BV in Bukavu is high but in line with the global average. BV was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in our study population. Hence, research on modifiable risk factor-based interventions to reduce the prevalence of BV, and on screening/treatment of BV during antenatal care should be explored to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.