Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34694089›Full record

ArticleCancer nursing

Financial Toxicity in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: A Concept Analysis.

Lauren V Ghazal, Maurade Gormley, John D Merriman, Sheila J Santacroce

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer nursing. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Financial toxicity among families of children with cancer: a qualitative systematic review and meta-aggregation.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Enduring Economic Effects of a Cancer Diagnosis in Adolescence and Young Adulthood.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025
    Article
  10. Bridging gaps in cancer care for young adults: A collaborative e-learning initiative for oncology nurses.Canadian oncology nursing journal = Revue canadienne de nursing oncologique · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Financial toxicity among pediatric oncology families during therapy and early survivorship: a qualitative analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Suffering and adjustment: a grounded theory of the process of coping with financial toxicity among young women with breast cancer.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. The long-term financial experiences of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Mobilizing Research to Understand the Impact of Financial Toxicity Among Adolescents and Young Adults Diagnosed With Chronic Diseases.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023
    Article
  20. Do discussions of financial burdens decrease long-term financial toxicity in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors?Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Lauren V GhazalAuthor Affiliations: Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University (Drs Ghazal, Gormley and Merriman); and School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill (Dr Santacroce).
Maurade Gormley
John D Merriman
Sheila J Santacroce

Funding

NIOSH CDC HHS T42 OH008422
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA cancer diagnosis as an adolescent and young adult (AYA) poses exceptional challenges, including potential greater financial toxicity than older survivors experience who have had more time for career establishment and to build financial assets. Costs to patients have increased more than the past decade; prospects for AYA long-term survival have also increased. A better understanding of what financial toxicity is, how it presents, and the immediate and longer-term implications for AYAs is needed.

objectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the concept financial toxicity in AYAs diagnosed with cancer.

methodsWe used Rodgers' evolutionary method and articles published between January 2013 and December 2020.

resultsWe identified key antecedents, attributes, and consequences of financial toxicity in AYAs and review its related terms that have often been used as surrogate terms. Attributes were financial burden, financial distress, and competing financial pressures. Consequences were mostly adverse and persistent and included engaging in various financial problem-solving behaviors, material hardship and poor financial well-being, and deteriorated quality of life.

conclusionsResults of this analysis clarify financial toxicity and provide guidance for a conceptual framework in the context of AYA cancer survivorship. Its consequences in AYAs with cancer are profound and will continue to evolve over time with changes in health systems and the economy. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Oncology nurses should understand the attributes and consequences of financial toxicity for AYAs throughout the cancer trajectory. Future research on financial toxicity should extend across AYAs living with other chronic illnesses and cancer survivors in other age groups.

Indexed as

Cancer SurvivorsNeoplasmsAdolescentHumansQuality of LifeSurvivorsYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID34694089
PMCPMC11972056

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.