ArticleEvaluation review
Are California's Local Flavored Tobacco Sales Restrictions Effective in Reducing the Retail Availability of Flavored Tobacco Products? A Multicomponent Evaluation.
Article in Evaluation review. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review investigating policy design and implementation of US state and local policy to restrict the sale of flavored tobacco products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Pooled it
- The Public Health Impacts of Flavored Cigar Bans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Pooled it
- The Impact of Menthol Cigarette Bans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Pooled it
- A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of State Flavored E-Cigarette Policy Implementation and E-Cigarette Use.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- California's prohibition of flavoured tobacco sales and the tobacco industry's attempts to evade it.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- College Students' Reported Sources of Nicotine Vapes and Cigarettes After California's Restriction on Flavored Tobacco Sales.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of packaging with versus without candy-oriented marketing themes on the appeal and sensory attributes of flavoured e-cigarettes.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- College Students' Awareness of California's Law Prohibiting Sales of Flavored Tobacco.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among California Adolescents Before and Immediately After a Statewide Flavor Ban.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Flavored E-Cigarette Sales Restrictions and Young Adult Tobacco Use.JAMA health forum · 2024Article
- Evaluations of Compliance With California's First Tobacco Sales Bans and Tobacco Marketing in Restricted and Cross-Border Stores.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Commercial Tobacco Retailers Need to Be Included in Research on Policies Restricting the Sale of Menthol Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Assessing tobacco retailer compliance with flavoured tobacco product sales restrictions: a cross-sectional study of four California cities.BMJ public health · 2023Article
- Impacts of Tax and Flavor Tobacco Policies on San Francisco Bay Area Tobacco Prices.Evaluation review · 2023Article
- Flavors increase adolescents' willingness to try nicotine and cannabis vape products.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Flavored Tobacco Sales Restrictions and Teen E-cigarette Use: Quasi-experimental Evidence From California.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Early evidence of flavored tobacco product restrictions in Massachusetts and New York State.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Hypothetical e-liquid flavor ban and opinions among vape shop retailers in the Greater Los Angeles Area.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Closing the loopholes on a flavored cigar ban: Anticipated challenges and solutions.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Policies restricting flavors and non-cigarette tobacco product availability: A study of vape shops in San Francisco and Alameda Counties, California, USA.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionFlavored tobacco appeals to new users. This paper describes evaluation results of California's early ordinances restricting flavored tobacco sales.
methodsA multicomponent evaluation of proximal policy outcomes involved the following: (a) tracking the reach of local ordinances; (b) a retail observation survey; and (c) a statewide opinion poll of tobacco retailers. Change in the population covered by local ordinances was computed. Retail observations compared availability of flavored tobacco at retailers in jurisdictions with and without an ordinance. Mixed models compared ordinance and matched no-ordinance jurisdictions and adjusted for store type. An opinion poll assessed retailers' awareness and ease of compliance with local ordinances, comparing respondents in ordinance jurisdictions with the rest of California.
resultsThe proportion of Californians living in a jurisdiction with an ordinance increased from 0.6% in April 2015 to 5.82% by January 1, 2019. Flavored tobacco availability was significantly lower in ordinance jurisdictions than in matched jurisdictions: menthol cigarettes (40.6% vs. 95.0%), cigarillos/cigar wraps with explicit flavor descriptors (56.4% vs. 85.0%), and vaping products with explicit flavor descriptors (6.1% vs. 56.9%). Over half of retailers felt compliance was easy; however, retailers in ordinance jurisdictions expressed lower support for flavor sales restrictions.
conclusionsThe proportion of California's population covered by a flavor ordinance increased nine-fold between April 2015 and January 2019. Fewer retailers in ordinance jurisdictions had flavored tobacco products available compared to matched jurisdictions without an ordinance, but many still advertised flavored products they could not sell. Comprehensive ordinances and retailer outreach may facilitate sales-restriction support and compliance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.