Assessment of coal mining land subsidence by using an innovative comprehensive weighted cloud model combined with a PSR conceptual model.

Research on land subsidence is a global topic. In recent years, the environmental problems caused by coal mining have received great attention. In particular, mining land subsidence caused damage to villages, buildings, farmland, etc., which seriously threatened the mining area's living environment and ecological environment. This study proposes a pressure-state-response concept model based on mining land subsidence to build an evaluation index system in coal mines. Based on this index system, given the uncertainty in the evaluation process, the cloud model is used to represent the index weight and comprehensive evaluation calculations, which fully consider the randomness and ambiguity in the evaluation process. The mining land subsidence of several mining areas in China was evaluated and classified into three grades (slight-medium-strong). The cloud model assessment results are compared with the result of the probability integration method and the actual situation. The assessment results of the cloud model are closer to the actual situation than the probability integration method. This shows that the established mining land subsidence evaluation method based on the cloud model in this study is reasonable and feasible. The mining width and height ratio, depth and height ratio, and coal seam dip angle affect mining land subsidence. Therefore, improving the mining method to deal with the goaf reasonably and optimizing the mining design to control the influence range of mining are essential measures to reduce mining land subsidence and protect the ecological environment of mining areas.