ArticlePsychopharmacology2022
Mitragynine improves cognitive performance in morphine-withdrawn rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Persistent effects of repeated adolescent and adult heroin vapor inhalation in female Wistar rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Restores Cognitive Impairment in Morphine-Withdrawn Rats: Role of BDNF and Glial Cells in the Hippocampus.Addiction biology · 2025Article
- Mitragynine inhibits hippocampus neuroplasticity and its molecular mechanism.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2023Article
- Clinical Implications of Kratom (Current addiction reports · 2023Review
- Adolescent kratom exposure affects cognitive behaviours and brain metabolite profiles in Sprague-Dawley rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleThe treatment of opiate addiction is an unmet medical need. Repeated exposure to opiates disrupts cognitive performance. Opioid substitution therapy, with, e.g., methadone, may further exacerbate the cognitive deficits. Growing evidence suggests that mitragynine, the primary alkaloid from the Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) leaves, may serve as a promising alternative therapy for opiate addiction. However, the knowledge of its health consequences is still limited.
objectivesWe aimed to examine the cognitive effects of mitragynine substitution in morphine-withdrawn rats. Furthermore, we asked whether neuronal addiction markers like the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Ca
methodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were given morphine at escalating doses before treatment was discontinued to induce a spontaneous morphine withdrawal. Then, vehicle or mitragynine (5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, or 30 mg/kg) substitution was given for 3 days. A vehicle-treated group was used as a control. Withdrawal signs were scored after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, while novel object recognition (NOR) and attentional set-shifting (ASST) were tested during the substitution period.
resultsDiscontinuation of morphine significantly induced morphine withdrawal signs and cognitive deficit in the ASST. The substitution with mitragynine was able to alleviate the withdrawal signs. Mitragynine did not affect the recognition memory in the NOR but significantly improved the reversal learning deficit in the morphine-withdrawn rats.
conclusionsThese data support the idea that mitragynine could be used as safe medication therapy to treat opiate addiction with beneficial effects on cognitive deficits.
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