Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34692694›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2021

Unraveling Human Brain Development and Evolution Using Organoid Models.

Sarah Fernandes, Davis Klein, Maria C Marchetto

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. β-Hydroxybutyrate Exposure is Associated with Increased THCellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Antioxidants, Hormetic Nutrition, and Autism.Current neuropharmacology · 2024
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Brain organoids for hypoxic-ischemic studies: from bench to bedside.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. From fossils to mind.Communications biology · 2023
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sarah FernandesLaboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Davis KleinLaboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Maria C MarchettoLaboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brain organoids are proving to be physiologically relevant models for studying human brain development in terms of temporal transcriptional signature recapitulation, dynamic cytoarchitectural development, and functional electrophysiological maturation. Several studies have employed brain organoid technologies to elucidate human-specific processes of brain development, gene expression, and cellular maturation by comparing human-derived brain organoids to those of non-human primates (NHPs). Brain organoids have been established from a variety of NHP pluripotent stem cell (PSC) lines and many protocols are now available for generating brain organoids capable of reproducibly representing specific brain region identities. Innumerous combinations of brain region specific organoids derived from different human and NHP PSCs, with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing techniques and strategies to promote advanced stages of maturation, will successfully establish complex brain model systems for the accurate representation and elucidation of human brain development. Identified human-specific processes of brain development are likely vulnerable to dysregulation and could result in the identification of therapeutic targets or disease prevention strategies. Here, we discuss the potential of brain organoids to successfully model human-specific processes of brain development and explore current strategies for pinpointing these differences.

Indexed as

brain disordersbrain organoidsdisease modelingevolutionneocortexneurodevelopmentnon-human primatestranscriptomics

Identifiers

PMID34692694
PMCPMC8529117

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.