ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2021
Exploration of Pattern Recognition Receptor Agonists as Candidate Adjuvants.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenicity of an Oil-in-Water Emulsion ContainingVaccines · 2026Article
- Engineering nanoparticle surface chemistry for antigen-presenting cell targeting improves specificity and safety of TLR3 agonist cancer immunotherapy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Recent advances in lipid nanoparticles for cancer vaccine delivery: Challenges and future perspectives.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Encapsulation of the lipidated TLR7/8 agonist INI-4001 into ionic liposomes impacts H7 influenza antigen-specific immune responses.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Design and mechanistic insights into ZMF59/CpG: a complementary adjuvant system boosting immunity and safety in herpes zoster vaccines.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- KA101 outperforms other clinical adjuvants in inducing balanced Th1/Th2 immunity and robust B cell responses to varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Nano-adjuvants enhance the immunogenicity and safety of infectious bursal disease virus vaccines: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Vaxjo 2.0: An ontology- and large language model-powered knowledge base of vaccine adjuvants and mechanisms.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Development of an intestinal allergy model to evaluate the initial introduction of infant rice cereal.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- Mincle receptor agonist UM-1098 and TLR4 agonist INI-2002 combination adjuvant enhances Th1 responses and provides protection againstVaccine: X · 2025Article
- HIV vaccine candidate ΔV1gp120 formulated in ALFQA adjuvant augments mucosal immunity in female macaques.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Nanocarrier-Based Targeting of Pattern Recognition Receptors as an Innovative Strategy for Enhancing Sepsis Therapy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- mRNA-LNP vaccine strategies: Effects of adjuvants on non-parenchymal liver cells and tolerance.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- The therapeutic potential of immunomodulatory nucleic acid nanoparticles in the treatment of CNS infections.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- The recent advances in vaccine adjuvants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Multiscale information processing in the immune system.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Nanovaccines empowering CD8Theranostics · 2025Review
- Intranasal vaccines adjuvanted with Nexavant demonstrate robust protective efficacy by inducing both mucosal and systemic immunity in a murine model.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adjuvants are used to maximize the potency of vaccines by enhancing immune reactions. Components of adjuvants include pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associate molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are agonists for innate immune receptors. Innate immune responses are usually activated when pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize PAMPs derived from invading pathogens or DAMPs released by host cells upon tissue damage. Activation of innate immunity by PRR agonists in adjuvants activates acquired immune responses, which is crucial to enhance immune reactions against the targeted pathogen. For example, agonists for Toll-like receptors have yielded promising results as adjuvants, which target PRR as adjuvant candidates. However, a comprehensive understanding of the type of immunological reaction against agonists for PRRs is essential to ensure the safety and reliability of vaccine adjuvants. This review provides an overview of the current progress in development of PRR agonists as vaccine adjuvants, the molecular mechanisms that underlie activation of immune responses, and the enhancement of vaccine efficacy by these potential adjuvant candidates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.