ArticleCureus2021
Risk Factors Associated With Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea.
Article in Cureus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutics involved in managing initial and recurrentWorld journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Review
- Best Practices in the Management ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Review
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- Adenosine receptors differentially mediate enteric glial cell death induced byFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionRecent years have been alarming due to the sudden, dramatic rise in the incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Identifying and addressing the risk factors associated with CDI will help in reducing the incidence of infection and associated complications.
methodsThis case-control study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan from June 2020 to March 2021, in which 200 patients diagnosed with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) were enrolled in the study. CDAD was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and stool enzyme immunoassay. Another 200 participants without a diagnosis of CDAD were enrolled from the outpatient department as a control group. Participants were enrolled after seeking informed consent.
resultsIn patients older than 65, risk of CDI was higher compared to participants lower than 65 years old (15.5% vs. 8.0%; p value: 0.02). Hospitalization (25.5% vs. 6.0%; p value < 0.0001), the use of proton pump inhibitors in last 30 days (23.0% vs. 10.5%; p value: 0.001) , and use of antibiotics in the last 30 days (36.0% vs. 10.5%; p value < 0.0001) were significantly higher in participants with CDI.
conclusionHospitalization, the usage of proton pump inhibitors, and antibiotics in the last 30 days were significantly associated with CDI. A higher incidence of CDI was associated with risk factors like increased body mass index, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and malignancy.
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Registered trials
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