ArticleNational science review2019
Neolithic millet farmers contributed to the permanent settlement of the Tibetan Plateau by adopting barley agriculture.
Article in National science review, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modern and Ancient Genomes Reveal Neolithic Paternal Expansions of Millet and Rice Farmers and Demic Diffusion from China into Mainland Southeast Asia.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Archaeobotanical investigations at high-elevation sites of the Pamir Mountains and fergana foothills.iScience · 2026Article
- Ancient genomes give insight into 160,000 years of East Asian population dynamics and biological adaptation.Genome biology · 2025Review
- Ancient genomes reveal basal Asian ancestries and dynamic population interactions over time on the southern Tibetan Plateau.iScience · 2025Article
- Sequencing and characterizing human mitochondrial genomes in the biobank-based genomic research paradigm.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Review
- Isotopic evidence reveals the gradual intensification of millet agriculture in Neolithic western Loess Plateau.Fundamental research · 2025Article
- Differentiated genomic footprints suggest isolation and long-distance migration of Hmong-Mien populations.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Genetic and cultural adaptations underlie the establishment of dairy pastoralism in the Tibetan Plateau.BMC biology · 2023Article
- Whole mitochondrial genome analysis in highland Tibetans: further matrilineal genetic structure exploration.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Ancient DNA from Tubo Kingdom-related tombs in northeastern Tibetan Plateau revealed their genetic affinity to both Tibeto-Burman and Altaic populations.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2022Article
- Denisovans and Homo sapiens on the Tibetan Plateau: dispersals and adaptations.Trends in ecology & evolution · 2022Review
- The genomic history of southwestern Chinese populations demonstrated massive population migration and admixture among proto-Hmong-Mien speakers and incoming migrants.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2022Article
- Vegetation History and Survival Patterns of the Earliest Village on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Mitogenomics of modern Mongolic-speaking populations.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2022Article
- A Mitochondrial DNA Variant Elevates the Risk of Gallstone Disease by Altering Mitochondrial Function.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2021Article
- Peopling History of the Tibetan Plateau and Multiple Waves of Admixture of Tibetans Inferred From Both Ancient and Modern Genome-Wide Data.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Combined Low-/High-Density Modern and Ancient Genome-Wide Data Document Genomic Admixture History of High-Altitude East Asians.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Dated phylogeny suggests early Neolithic origin of Sino-Tibetan languages.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Ancient genomes reveal tropical bovid species in the Tibetan Plateau contributed to the prevalence of hunting game until the late Neolithic.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
The permanent human settlement of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been suggested to have been facilitated by the introduction of barley agriculture ∼3.6 kilo-years ago (ka). However, how barley agriculture spread onto the TP remains unknown. Given that the lower altitudes in the northeastern TP were occupied by millet cultivators from 5.2 ka, who also adopted barley farming ∼4 ka, it is highly possible that it was millet farmers who brought barley agriculture onto the TP ∼3.6 ka. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 8277 Tibetans and 58 514 individuals from surrounding populations, including 682 newly sequenced whole mitogenomes. Multiple lines of evidence, together with radiocarbon dating of cereal remains at different elevations, supports the scenario that two haplogroups (M9a1a1c1b1a and A11a1a), which are common in contemporary Tibetans (20.9%) and were probably even more common (40-50%) in early Tibetans prior to historical immigrations to the TP, represent the genetic legacy of the Neolithic millet farmers. Both haplogroups originated in northern China between 10.0-6.0 ka and differentiated in the ancestors of modern Tibetans ∼5.2-4.0 ka, matching the dispersal history of millet farming. By showing that substantial genetic components in contemporary Tibetans can trace their ancestry back to the Neolithic millet farmers, our study reveals that millet farmers adopted and brought barley agriculture to the TP ∼3.6-3.3 ka, and made an important contribution to the Tibetan gene pool.
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