Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34691960›Full record

ArticleNational science review2019

Evolutionary transition between invertebrates and vertebrates via methylation reprogramming in embryogenesis.

Xiaocui Xu, Guoqiang Li, Congru Li, Jing Zhang, Qiang Wang, David K Simmons, Xuepeng Chen, Naveen Wijesena, Wei Zhu, Zhanyang Wang and 11 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in National science review, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Integration of epigenetics into ecotoxicology: insights and fundamental research needs.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Reply to Maleszka et al.: DNA methylation signals persist across insect metamorphosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
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  11. Article
  12. Article
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  15. Article
  16. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Xiaocui XuCAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Guoqiang LiCAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Congru LiCAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Jing ZhangCAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Qiang WangInstitute of Apiculture Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
David K SimmonsWhitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, FL 32080, USA.
Xuepeng ChenCAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Naveen WijesenaWhitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, FL 32080, USA.
Wei ZhuCAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1459-6733
Zhanyang WangCollege of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 265600, China.
Zhenhua WangCollege of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 265600, China.
Bao JuCollege of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 265600, China.
Weimin CiCAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Xuemei LuCAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Daqi YuInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Qian-Fei WangCAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Neelakanteswar AluruBiology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA 02543, USA.
Paola OliveriDepartments of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Yong E ZhangInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Mark Q MartindaleWhitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, FL 32080, USA.
Jiang LiuCAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Chinese Academy of Sciences · CNWhitney Museum of American Art · USYantai University · CNUniversity College London · GBWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Major evolutionary transitions are enigmas, and the most notable enigma is between invertebrates and vertebrates, with numerous spectacular innovations. To search for the molecular connections involved, we asked whether global epigenetic changes may offer a clue by surveying the inheritance and reprogramming of parental DNA methylation across metazoans. We focused on gametes and early embryos, where the methylomes are known to evolve divergently between fish and mammals. Here, we find that methylome reprogramming during embryogenesis occurs neither in pre-bilaterians such as cnidarians nor in protostomes such as insects, but clearly presents in deuterostomes such as echinoderms and invertebrate chordates, and then becomes more evident in vertebrates. Functional association analysis suggests that DNA methylation reprogramming is associated with development, reproduction and adaptive immunity for vertebrates, but not for invertebrates. Interestingly, the single HOX cluster of invertebrates maintains unmethylated status in all stages examined. In contrast, the multiple HOX clusters show dramatic dynamics of DNA methylation during vertebrate embryogenesis. Notably, the methylation dynamics of HOX clusters are associated with their spatiotemporal expression in mammals. Our study reveals that DNA methylation reprogramming has evolved dramatically during animal evolution, especially after the evolutionary transitions from invertebrates to vertebrates, and then to mammals.

Indexed as

developmentDNA methylationevolutionreprogramming

Identifiers

PMID34691960
PMCPMC8291442
OpenAlexW2946695825

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.