ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Partners in Crime: Beta-Cells and Autoimmune Responses Complicit in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between type 1 diabetes mellitus and dental caries in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells in patients with type 1 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Trial
- GLP1-E2 therapy delays autoimmune diabetes in late-stage prediabetic NOD mice and potentiates low-dose anti-CD3 therapy for enhanced disease protection.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis: Mechanisms, Early Diagnostic Strategies, and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Effects of plant flavonoids and selenium on pancreatic hormones and glucose homeostasis in autoimmune thyroiditis.Experimental animals · 2026Article
- Elevated MANF expression in β cells protects mice from streptozotocin-induced diabetes by attenuating islet stress and immunogenicity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Multifaceted Role of Extracellular Vesicles: Intercellular Messengers to Therapeutic Applications: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Real-time in vivo analysis of murine β cells reveals autophagic flux defects before onset of autoimmune diabetes.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- The rise and fall of a paradigm and conceiving a new hypothesis for type 1 diabetes. Reply to Nerup J, Lernmark A [letter].Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Unlocking beta cell health: The clinical potential of extracellular vesicles in type 1 diabetes.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Selenium-loaded sustained-release schizophyllan alleviates pancreatic and pulmonary inflammatory damage in type 1 diabetes mellitus by modulating gut microbiota and T cell balance.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- From damage signals to immune modulators: oxidized lipids in immunometabolic inflammation.Journal of lipid research · 2026Review
- Diabetes: A comprehensive review of the Indian landscape in contrast with global trends.World journal of diabetes · 2026Review
- Identification of novel genomic variants in diabetic nephropathy patients using whole-exome sequencing: a pilot investigation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- From islet to blood: macrophage remodeling signatures for diagnosis and risk stratification in type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Unravelling the myriad physiologic roles of transthyretin: critical considerations for treating transthyretin amyloidosis.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- The Islet-1 Interaction Partner Rnf20 Regulates Glucose Homeostasis and Pancreatic β-Cell Identity.Diabetes · 2025Article
- Organ-Specific Strategies in Bioprinting: Addressing Translational Challenges in the Heart, Liver, Kidney, and Pancreas.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Ketosis-Prone Diabetes in Severe Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Pancreatitis: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoreactive T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. Loss of beta-cells leads to insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia, with patients eventually requiring lifelong insulin therapy to maintain normal glycemic control. Since T1D has been historically defined as a disease of immune system dysregulation, there has been little focus on the state and response of beta-cells and how they may also contribute to their own demise. Major hurdles to identifying a cure for T1D include a limited understanding of disease etiology and how functional and transcriptional beta-cell heterogeneity may be involved in disease progression. Recent studies indicate that the beta-cell response is not simply a passive aspect of T1D pathogenesis, but rather an interplay between the beta-cell and the immune system actively contributing to disease. Here, we comprehensively review the current literature describing beta-cell vulnerability, heterogeneity, and contributions to pathophysiology of T1D, how these responses are influenced by autoimmunity, and describe pathways that can potentially be exploited to delay T1D.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.