ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Speed and Location Both Matter: Antigen Stimulus Dynamics Controls CAR-T Cell Response.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- αvβ3 CAR-T Cells Simultaneously Targeting Tumor and Metastases Produce Highly Effective Control in Preclinical Models of Melanoma and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- Transcriptional and functional profiling reveals unique activation of Adapter CAR T cells in acute myeloid leukemia.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Improvement in model flexibility reveals signaling pathway in T cell responses to pulsatile stimuli.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- Review
- Imaging the fate of CAR-T cellsFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Novel Combination of Irreversible Electroporation and Allogenic Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Synergizes Therapeutic Outcomes in a Preclinical Human Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Microphysiological Solid Tumor Models in Hydrogel Beads for CAR T Cell Immunotherapy Evaluation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Discovery of BMS-986408, a First-In-Class Dual DGKα and DGKζ Inhibitor that Unleashes PD-1 Checkpoint and CAR T-cell Immunotherapies.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- Advances in Gene Therapy with Oncolytic Viruses and CAR-T Cells and Therapy-Related Groups.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Optimizing Clinical Translation of Bispecific T-cell Engagers through Context Unification with a Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Article
- TIM-3Science immunology · 2024Article
- Reuniting philosophy and science to advance cancer research.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2023Article
- Current advances and challenges in CAR T-Cell therapy for solid tumors: tumor-associated antigens and the tumor microenvironment.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2023Review
- Monitoring of kinetics and exhaustion markers of circulating CAR-T cells as early predictive factors in patients with B-cell malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Cellular kinetics: A clinical and computational review of CAR-T cell pharmacology.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- From Anti-HER-2 to Anti-HER-2-CAR-T Cells: An Evolutionary Immunotherapy Approach for Gastric Cancer.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the success in B-cell malignancies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have not yet demonstrated consistent efficacy across all patients and tumor types, particularly against solid tumors. Higher rates of T cell exhaustion are associated with inferior clinical outcomes following CAR-T cell therapy, which is prevalent in solid tumors. T cell exhaustion may originate from persistent and chronic antigen stimulation by tumor cells that resist and/or evade T cell-mediated killing. We exploited CAR-T exhaustion with a classic negative feedback model (incoherent feedforward loop, IFFL) to investigate the balance between CAR-T cell activation and exhaustion under different antigen presentation dynamics. Built upon the experimental and clinical data, we hypothesize that the speed and anatomical location of antigenic stimulation are both crucial to CAR-T cell response. Chronic antigenic stimulation as well as the harsh tumor microenvironment present multiple barriers to CAR-T cell efficacy in solid tumors. Many therapeutic strategies are individually insufficient to improve of CAR-T responses against solid tumors, as they clear but one of the many barriers CAR-T cells face in solid tumors. A combination strategy targeting multiple barriers holds promise to improve CAR-T therapy in solid tumors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.