ArticleOrphanet journal of rare diseases2021
Multivariate data analysis identifies natural clusters of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TAND).
Article in Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Closing the Gap to Interventions for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TAND): Protocol for a Longitudinal Study of TAND Severity, Predictors, and Caregiver Well-Being (TANDem-2).JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Deep developmental phenotyping in children with tuberous sclerosis complex, with and without autism.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025Article
- Validation of the self-report quantified Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Associated Neuropsyciatric Disorders Checklist (TAND-SQ).Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Article
- Neuropsychiatric disorders in Chinese pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex patients associated with drug-resistant epilepsy: A TAND checklist-based survey.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2025Article
- Caregiver burden associated with caring for individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex-associated seizures: A descriptive, non-interventional survey in Sweden.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Enhancing the utility of tuberous sclerosis complex-associated neuropsychiatric disorders checklist in China.Pediatric investigation · 2024Article
- Measurement of Developmental and Behavioral Concerns in Toddlers With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.Pediatric neurology · 2024Article
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy-Associated Neurobehavioral Difficulties: Insights from Clinical Practice.Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2024Article
- Development and Feasibility of the Self-Report Quantified Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders Checklist (TAND-SQ).Pediatric neurology · 2023Article
- International consensus recommendations for the identification and treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND).Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2023Article
- Understanding the impact of tuberous sclerosis complex: development and validation of the TSC-PROM.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- miRNAs and isomiRs: Serum-Based Biomarkers for the Development of Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- The research landscape of tuberous sclerosis complex-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND)-a comprehensive scoping review.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2022Article
- Empowering Families Through Technology: A Mobile-Health Project to Reduce the TAND Identification and Treatment Gap (TANDem).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), a multi-system genetic disorder, is associated with a wide range of TSC-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TAND). Individuals have apparently unique TAND profiles, challenging diagnosis, psycho-education, and intervention planning. We proposed that identification of natural TAND clusters could lead to personalized identification and treatment of TAND. Two small-scale studies showed cluster and factor analysis could identify clinically meaningful natural TAND clusters. Here we set out to identify definitive natural TAND clusters in a large, international dataset.
methodCross-sectional, anonymized TAND Checklist data of 453 individuals with TSC were collected from six international sites. Data-driven methods were used to identify natural TAND clusters. Mean squared contingency coefficients were calculated to produce a correlation matrix, and various cluster analyses and exploratory factor analysis were examined. Statistical robustness of clusters was evaluated with 1000-fold bootstrapping, and internal consistency calculated with Cronbach's alpha.
resultsWard's method rendered seven natural TAND clusters with good robustness on bootstrapping. Cluster analysis showed significant convergence with an exploratory factor analysis solution, and, with the exception of one cluster, internal consistency of the emerging clusters was good to excellent. Clusters showed good clinical face validity.
conclusionsOur findings identified a data-driven set of natural TAND clusters from within highly variable TAND Checklist data. The seven natural TAND clusters could be used to train families and professionals and to develop tailored approaches to identification and treatment of TAND. Natural TAND clusters may also have differential aetiological underpinnings and responses to molecular and other treatments.
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