ReviewDiagnostic pathology2021
PD-L1 immunostaining: what pathologists need to know.
Review in Diagnostic pathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- PD-L1 Expression in Cutaneous Angiosarcomas: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Pooled it
- Disease stage-dependent expression of ADC-related biomarkers in urothelial carcinoma.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Integrative radiomics and habitat imaging models for predicting PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- The Role of PD-L1 in Lung Cancer: From Biology to Clinical Application.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Immunohistochemical profiling of PD-L1 expression in neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Tumor immune microenvironment and immune phenotypes in PD-L1-tested canine urothelial carcinoma.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Prognostic value of manual and digital PD-L1 expression in pT3 and pT4 colon cancer.Diagnostic pathology · 2025Article
- Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer: Ushering in a New Era of Treatment-A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.European urology open science · 2025Review
- RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry jointly improve tumor biomarker interpretation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- PD-L1 expression assessment in Angiosarcoma improves with artificial intelligence support.Journal of pathology informatics · 2025Article
- A High-Throughput ImmunoHistoFluorescence (IHF) Method for Sub-Nuclear Protein Analysis in Tissue.Cells · 2025Article
- Spatial Transcriptome Analysis of B7-H4 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Anti-Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Head and neck pathology · 2025Article
- RIDDEN: Data-driven inference of receptor activity from transcriptomic data.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Immunoinformatics based designing of a multi-epitope cancer vaccine targeting programmed cell death ligand 1.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- PD-L1 Scoring Models for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in China: Current Status, AI-Assisted Solutions and Future Perspectives.Thoracic cancer · 2025Review
- PD-L1/PD-1 Expression in the Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: An Overview of Reviews.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Imaging PD-L1 in the brain-Journey from the lab to the clinic.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Influencing immunity: role of extracellular vesicles in tumor immune checkpoint dynamics.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmune checkpoint proteins, especially PD-L1 and PD-1, play a crucial role in controlling the intensity and duration of the immune response, thus preventing the development of autoimmunity. These proteins play a vital role in enabling cancer cells to escape immunity, proliferate and progress.
methodsThis brief review highlights essential points related to testing for immune checkpoint therapy that histopathologists need to know.
resultsIn recent years, several inhibitors of these proteins have been used to reactivate the immune system to fight cancer. Selection of patients for such therapy requires demonstration of PD-L1 activation on the tumor cells, best done by immunohistochemical staining of the tumor and immune cells using various antibodies with predetermined thresholds.
conclusionsImmune checkpoint therapy appears to be promising and is rapidly expanding to include a large variety of cancers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.