Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34688983›Full record

ReviewCurrent opinion in virology2021

Understanding T cell aging to improve anti-viral immunity.

Huimin Zhang, Cornelia M Weyand, Jörg J Goronzy, Claire E Gustafson

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current opinion in virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Photothermal-Immunomodulatory Hydrogel Reinforced by TiAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Antigen-specific TScience advances · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Huimin ZhangDivision of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Cornelia M WeyandDivision of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Jörg J GoronzyDivision of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Claire E GustafsonDivision of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: claire.gustafson@alleninstitute.org.
United States Department of Veterans Affairs · USStanford University · US

Funding

VACCINE INDUCED IMMUNITY IN THE YOUNG AND AGEDU19AI057266 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Rafi Ahmed · 2003 to 2026
$81.7M
The NOTCH Signaling Pathway in Large Vessel VasculitisR01HL117913 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI WEYAND, CORNELIA M. · 2014 to 2025
$5.0M
microRNA Regulation of T Cell SenescenceR01AI108891 · NIAID · PALO ALTO VETERANS INSTIT FOR RESEARCH · PI GORONZY, JORG J · 2014 to 2023
$4.6M
Telomere Damage Responses and Immune AgingR01AI108906 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI WEYAND, CORNELIA M. · 2014 to 2024
$4.0M
Influence of Age on CD4 T Memory CellsR01AG045779 · NIA · PALO ALTO VETERANS INSTIT FOR RESEARCH · PI GORONZY, JORG J · 2013 to 2023
$4.0M
Memory T Cell Development and Survival in T Cell Responses of Older IndividualsR01AI129191 · NIAID · PALO ALTO VETERANS INSTIT FOR RESEARCH · PI GORONZY, JORG J · 2017 to 2021
$1.9M
Dysregulation of Naïve T cell Quiescence during AgingK01AG068373 · NIA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GUSTAFSON, CLAIRE · 2020 to 2024
$631k
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL117913NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI108891NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI108906NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI129191NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI057266NIA NIH HHS K01 AG068373NIA NIH HHS R01 AG045779
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

T cells are a critical component of the immune system and required for protection against viral and bacterial infections. However, the capacity of these cells to provide sufficient protection declines with age, leading to an increased susceptibility to and mortality from infection in older individuals. In many cases, it also contributes to poor vaccine-induced immunity. Understanding the basic biology behind T cell aging is key to unraveling these defects and, in turn, designing more effective vaccines and therapeutics for the older population. Here, we will discuss recent studies that have provided significant insight into the features of T cell aging, how these features may contribute to poor immune responses with advancing age and newer avenues of research that may further enhance anti-viral immunity in older individuals.

Indexed as

Cellular SenescenceAgedAgingHumansT-LymphocytesViruses

Identifiers

PMID34688983
PMCPMC8643327
OpenAlexW3208796932

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.