ArticleJournal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus2021
Retinal and peripapillary vessel density increase in recovered COVID-19 children by optical coherence tomography angiography.
Article in Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of COVID-19 on Retinal and Choroidal Microvasculature in the Pediatric Population: A Literature Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Retinal hemodynamic effects of sub-Tenon anesthesia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- The relationship of macular vessel density and foveal avascular zone with pulse wave velocity and central blood pressure in healthy adults: Persian cohort study.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2024Article
- The central retina vessel density and foveal avascular zone values of 792 healthy adults using optical coherence tomography angiography.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Optic nerve head alterations after COVID-19: an optical coherence tomography angiography-based longitudinal study.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Observational
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
purposeTo evaluate retinal vascular changes in children who have recovered from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to compare the results with age-matched healthy children.
methodsIn this cross-sectional case-control study, children 6-18 years of age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with historic healthy controls. All participants underwent ophthalmological examination, including fundus photography and OCTA of the macular region and optic disk. COVID-19 children were examined 4-8 weeks after COVID-19 diagnoses. Demographic data, medical history, and COVID-19 symptoms were noted. OCTA parameters in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) were analyzed according to ETDRS sectors and peripapillary quadrants.
resultsA total of 72 patients were included: 27 recovered COVID-19 children and 45 controls. Mean age for cases was 11.96 ± 3.8 years (18 females [66%]); for controls, 11.02 ± 2.0 years (29 females [64%]). Macular OCTA of the SCP showed a significant increase in retinal vessel density (VD) in recovered COVID-19 children compared with healthy controls in the inner ring (P = 0.001). Macular perfusion density (mPD) was also increased in the inner ring (P = 0.001). Peripapillary OCTA evidenced a significant higher flux index (FI) in all four quadrants (P < 0.001).
conclusionsRecovered COVID-19 children present increased retinal VD, mPD, and peripapillary FI shortly after recovery. Since the retinal vasculature is considered a unique window to assess microvascular changes, these findings may represent a potential in vivo biomarker of vascular abnormalities in COVID-19 children in other organs.
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