Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34687603›Full record

ArticleMolecular cell2021

Increased ACTL6A occupancy within mSWI/SNF chromatin remodelers drives human squamous cell carcinoma.

Chiung-Ying Chang, Zohar Shipony, Sherry G Lin, Ann Kuo, Xiaochen Xiong, Kyle M Loh, William J Greenleaf, Gerald R Crabtree

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  9. TEAD-targeting small molecules induce a cofactor switch to regulate the Hippo pathway.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Actin-Like Protein 6A as an Oncogene and Therapeutic Target in Cancer.International journal of medical sciences · 2025
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Chromatin remodellers as therapeutic targets.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Chiung-Ying ChangHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Zohar ShiponyDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Sherry G LinHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Ann KuoHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Xiaochen XiongInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Kyle M LohInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
William J GreenleafDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Gerald R CrabtreeHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: crabtree@stanford.edu.
Stanford University · US

Funding

ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling in Human MalignancyR01CA163915 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Gerald R. Crabtree · 2012 to 2026
$5.4M
Signaling by Calcineurin and NFAT in Axonal OutgrowthR01NS046789 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CRABTREE, GERALD R. · 2003 to 2012
$3.4M
HIJACKING CANCER DRIVERS TO ACTIVATE PROAPOPTOTIC GENES IN DLBCLR01CA276167 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Gerald R. Crabtree, NATHANAEL Schiander GRAY · 2023 to 2026
$2.2M
Dissecting the Mechanism of Polycomb Eviction by the BAF ComplexF32CA243442 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LIN, SHERRY GINGING · 2019 to 2022
$197k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNCI NIH HHS F32 CA243442NCI NIH HHS R01 CA163915NCI NIH HHS R01 CA276167NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS046789
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mammalian SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodelers play dosage-sensitive roles in many human malignancies and neurologic disorders. The gene encoding the BAF subunit actin-like 6a (ACTL6A) is amplified early in the development of many squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), but its oncogenic role remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that ACTL6A overexpression leads to its stoichiometric assembly into BAF complexes and drives their interaction and engagement with specific regulatory regions in the genome. In normal epithelial cells, ACTL6A was substoichiometric to other BAF subunits. However, increased ACTL6A levels by ectopic expression or in SCC cells led to near saturation of ACTL6A within BAF complexes. Increased ACTL6A occupancy enhanced polycomb opposition genome-wide to activate SCC genes and facilitated the co-dependent loading of BAF and TEAD-YAP complexes on chromatin. Both mechanisms appeared to be critical and function as a molecular AND gate for SCC initiation and maintenance, thereby explaining the specificity of the role of ACTL6A amplification in SCCs.

Indexed as

Chromatin Assembly and DisassemblyActinsCarcinoma, Squamous CellCell Line, TumorChromatinChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneDNA-Binding ProteinsEpigenesis, GeneticGene AmplificationGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHEK293 CellsHumansPolycomb-Group ProteinsProtein BindingTEA Domain Transcription FactorsYAP-Signaling ProteinsActinsACTL6A protein, humanChromatinChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneDNA-Binding ProteinsPolycomb-Group ProteinsTEAD1 protein, humanTEA Domain Transcription FactorsYAP1 protein, humanYAP-Signaling ProteinsACTL6ABAF complexcancerchromatin remodelingpolycombsquamous cell carcinomaSWI/SNFTEADtranscriptionYAP

Identifiers

PMID34687603
PMCPMC8761479
OpenAlexW3210419929

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.