ArticleEnvironmental monitoring and assessment2021
Quality and human health risk assessment of uranium and other heavy metals in drinking water from Kwale County, Kenya.
Article in Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sulfur-Doped SnOACS omega · 2026Article
- Study of the Trace Element Composition of Drinking Water in Almaty City and Human Health Risk Assessment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Electrochemical and Colorimetric Nanosensors for Detection of Heavy Metal Ions: A Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Prediction of human health risk and disability-adjusted life years induced by heavy metals exposure through drinking water in Fars Province, Iran.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in drinking water is a global health concern. Anthropogenic and geogenic activities exacerbate the concentrations of these metals in surface and groundwater. In this study, we sampled drinking water sourced from surface and groundwater resources at the environs of Mrima Hill and the Kwale heavy minerals sand deposit, Kwale County, Kenya. The concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, and U were measured using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The water quality indices were evaluated using the weighted arithmetic index method, while the human health risks due to exposure to these heavy metals through the ingestion pathway were assessed using deterministic and probabilistic techniques. The concentrations of Cr and Cd in samples from both study areas exceeded the national and international maximum contaminant levels in drinking water. The concentration levels of Ni, Cu, As, and U in all samples from both study areas were within the recommended values in drinking water. Therefore, the quality of water from both study areas was unsuitable for human consumption due to Cd and Cr contamination. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment also showed that the hazard indices (HI) evaluated for both children and adults at the study areas were higher than unity. In addition, the estimated carcinogenic risks of both population groups were more than the recommended value of 10
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