ArticleScientific reports2021
Salivary gland extract from the deer tick, Ixodes scapularis, facilitates neuroinvasion by Powassan virus in BALB/c mice.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Arboviral infections of the central nervous system: Mechanisms of invasion and long-term consequences.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence of Powassan virus.Virulence · 2025Review
- Development of a Deer Tick Virus Infection Model in C3H/HeJ Mice to Mimic Human Clinical Outcomes.Viruses · 2025Article
- Immunohistochemical Assays to Visualize Tick-Borne Flaviviruses at the Tick Feeding Site.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Editorial: Skin - confluence of vertebrate host defences, arthropod vectors, and vector-borne pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Generation of Virus-Infected Ticks: Synchronous Infection and Feeding on Viremic Animals.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Tick-borne viruses: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and animal models.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Review
- Age-dependent Powassan virus lethality is linked to glial cell activation and divergent neuroinflammatory cytokine responses in a murine model.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Early transcriptomic changes at the skin interface during Powassan virus transmission byFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Infection of wild-caught wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) and yellow-necked mice (A. flavicollis) with tick-borne encephalitis virus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Inapparent Tick-Borne Orthoflavivirus Infection inVaccines · 2023Article
- Neuroinvasive Flavivirus Pathogenesis Is Restricted by Host Genetic Factors in Collaborative Cross Mice, Independently ofJournal of virology · 2023Article
- T Cells in Tick-Borne Flavivirus Encephalitis: A Review of Current Paradigms in Protection and Disease Pathology.Viruses · 2023Review
- Discovery of the Role of Tick Salivary Glands in Enhancement of Virus Transmission-Beginning of an Exciting Story.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Powassan Virus Encephalitis.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of Powassan Virus by the Invasive Asian Longhorned Tick,Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Alterations in arthropod and neuronal exosomes reduce virus transmission and replication in recipient cells.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Powassan virus (POWV) is a neuroinvasive flavivirus transmitted to mammals by the bite of ixodid ticks. In this study, we sought to investigate the impact of tick salivary gland extract (SGE) on POWV neuroinvasion. BALB/c mice were footpad inoculated with either a high dose or a low dose of POWV, with and without Ixodes scapularis salivary gland extract. Brain and spinal cord were extracted daily, and immunohistochemical techniques were used for temporal tracking of POWV antigen. The temporal pattern of POWV staining showed a caudal to rostral spread of POWV in the brains of mice from both high dose infection groups. For the high dose infection groups, the presence of tick SGE did not influence the spread of POWV in the brain. Mice infected with the low dose of virus alone did not present POWV staining in the brain; however, in the presence of SGE, low dose infected mice presented scattered foci of POWV-infected cells throughout the brain. This study shows that tick SGE facilitates POWV neuroinvasion when mice are infected with the lower dose of POWV. We also found two patterns of central nervous system invasion that were directly influenced by the dose of POWV administered.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.