ArticleBMJ open2021
Kidney disease and risk of dementia: a Danish nationwide cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Population attributable fractions of a wide range of peripheral diseases for the burden of dementia.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Dementia in Advanced Kidney Disease by Race and Ethnicity and Neighborhood Factors.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Impact of CKD and COPD co-existence on mortality, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's dementia; a comparative cohort study.BMC nephrology · 2026Observational
- Sex Differences in Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Nondialysis CKD.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Article
- The relationship between kidney health and neurodegenerative diseases.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- The impact of kidney function on Alzheimer's disease blood biomarkers: implications for predicting amyloid-β positivity.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Association of Kidney Function With Development of Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementias and Dementia-Related Blood Biomarkers.JAMA network open · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesIt is unclear whether kidney disease is a risk factor for developing dementia. We examined the association between kidney disease and risk of future dementia. DESIGN AND
settingNationwide historical registry-based cohort study in Denmark based on data from 1 January 1995 until 31 December 2016.
participantsAll patients diagnosed with kidney disease and matched general population cohort without kidney disease (matched 1:5 on age, sex and year of kidney disease diagnosis). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: All-cause dementia and its subtypes: Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and other specified or unspecified dementia. We computed 5-year cumulative incidences (risk) and hazard ratios (HRs) for outcomes using Cox regression analyses.
resultsThe study cohort comprised 82 690 patients with kidney disease and 413 405 individuals from the general population. Five-year and ten-year mortality rates were twice as high in patients with kidney disease compared with the general population. The 5-year risk for all-cause dementia was 2.90% (95% confidence interval: 2.78% to 3.08%) in patients with kidney disease and 2.98% (2.92% to 3.04%) in the general population. Compared with the general population, the adjusted HRs for all-cause dementia in patients with kidney disease were 1.06 (1.00 to 1.12) for the 5-year follow-up and 1.08 (1.03 to 1.12) for the entire study period. Risk estimates for dementia subtypes differed substantially and were lower for Alzheimer's disease and higher for vascular dementia.
conclusionsPatients diagnosed with kidney disease have a modestly increased rate of dementia, mainly driven by vascular dementia. Moreover, patients with kidney disease may be underdiagnosed with dementia due to high mortality and other comorbidities of higher priority.
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