ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2021
Syringe Services Programs' Role in Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S.: Why We Cannot Do It Without Them.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harms associated with injecting in public spaces: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Pooled it
- Implementation of Health Insurance Navigation for Racial/Ethnic Minority Men Who Have Sex With Men Presenting for Community-Based HIV Testing.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Trial
- Convenience, rapport and skill: effective rural hepatitis C treatment, qualitative findings from a mobile harm reduction-informed tele-medicine intervention in Northern New England, 2022-2024.Harm reduction journal · 2026Trial
- Participant perceptions on the acceptability and feasibility of a telemedicine-based HIV PrEP and buprenorphine/naloxone program embedded within syringe services programs: a qualitative descriptive evaluation.Harm reduction journal · 2022Trial
- Meeting people where they are, whenever they are here: the implementation of harm reduction programs in two U.S. emergency departments.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Informing the Equitable Implementation of Hepatitis C Interventions: Cost-Effectiveness Modeling in Rural Populations of People Who Inject Drugs.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Article
- Association between a citywide ban on syringe distribution and provision of harm reduction services.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Correlates of Syringe Acquisition at Syringe Services Program and Pharmacies among Persons Who Inject Drugs: National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, United States, 2022.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Operationalizing recipient-centeredness: three facets of values-driven care in syringe services programs.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Methamphetamine Use and HIV Risk Behaviors in a Cohort of Homeless-Experienced Adults Who Use Drugs.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- HIV Risk Behaviors Among Community-Recruited Older People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) Prescreening for HPTN 094 in Washington, DC.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Delayed ART initiation and poor immune reconstitution among drug-using HIV patients in two hospitals in China: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Persistent HIV Transmission Misconceptions Among People Who Inject Drugs in Massachusetts, USA.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Driving Time, Distance, and Cost to Access Syringe Services Programs in the US.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- A comprehensive review of state laws that govern the distribution and possession of drug use equipment in the United States.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Review
- Association Between HIV Risk and Health Care Access Among U.S. Adults in the South: Insights from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Drug checking services: barriers and facilitators to implementation by U.S. syringe services programs.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- A Mobile Health Application to Support Reductions in Overdose Risk Behaviors: A Pilot Study.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Integration of safer smoking equipment in U.S. syringe services programs: Qualitative insights from program staff.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Syringe service program leader and participant perspectives on reasons for opioid-stimulant co-use in the United States.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Diagnoses of HIV among people who inject drugs have increased in the U.S. during 2014-2018 for the first time in 2 decades, and multiple HIV outbreaks have been detected among people who inject drugs since 2015. These epidemiologic trends pose a significant concern for achieving goals of the federal initiative for Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. Syringe services programs are cost effective, safe, and highly effective in reducing HIV transmission and are an essential component of a comprehensive, integrated approach to addressing these concerns. Yet, geographic coverage of these programs remains limited in the U.S., and many jurisdictions continue to have laws and policies that limit or disallow syringe services programs. An in-depth literature review was conducted on the role of syringe services programs in the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative. Empirical and model-based evidence consistently shows that syringe services programs have the highest impact in HIV prevention when combined with access to medications for substance use disorder and antiretroviral therapy. Their effectiveness is further maximized when they provide services without restrictions and include proven and innovative strategies to expand access to harm-reduction and clinical services (e.g., peer outreach, telehealth). Increasing geographic and service coverage of syringe services programs requires strong and sustainable policy, funding, and community support and will need to address new challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Syringe services programs have a key role in all 4 Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative strategies-Prevent, Diagnose, Treat, and Respond-and thus are instrumental to its success in preventing disease and saving lives.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.