ArticleBMC psychology2021
Stigma toward people with COVID-19 among the Lebanese population: a cross-sectional study of correlates and mediating effects.
Article in BMC psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Perceived social support and self-stigma as factors of COVID-19 booster vaccination behavior and intention via cognitive coping and emotion regulation among people infected with COVID-19 in Hong Kong.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Bridging the Gap: Dental Students' Attitudes toward Persons with Disabilities (PWDs).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Gender differences in COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, and public stigma among the general community: Findings from a nationwide cross-sectional study in India.International journal of disaster risk reduction : IJDRR · 2023Article
- Stigmatization, panic disorder, and death anxiety among patients of Covid-19: Fourth wave of pandemic in Pakistan.Acta psychologica · 2023Article
- Challenges and opportunities for improved contact tracing in Ghana: experiences from Coronavirus disease-2019-related contact tracing in the Bono region.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Sub-Saharan African communities' experiences and engagement with COVID-19 and the related control strategies in Antwerp, Belgium.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- A systematic review on the cultural factors associated with stigma during pandemics.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Internalized stigma related to COVID-19 and its psychosocial and mental health correlates: a multicentric health facility based observational study from Nepal.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Article
- Addressing stigma in infectious disease outbreaks: a crucial step in pandemic preparedness.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Social stigma during COVID-19: A systematic review.SAGE open medicine · 2023Review
- Stigma Experienced by Patients Who Recovered from COVID-19 in Post-Vaccination Period in Thailand; Prevalence and Associated Factors.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Article
- Confronting SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Patients' Experience in the First Pandemic Wave-Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- COVID-19 related stigma among the general population in Iran.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Factors Associated With Depression and Anxiety in Korean Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Psychiatry investigation · 2022Article
- Predictors of COVID-19 Stress and COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance among Adolescents in Ghana.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Validity and reliability of a modified short version of a stigma scale for use among Tunisian COVID-19 patients after quarantine: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2022Article
- Prevalence and influencing factors of pandemic fatigue among Chinese public in Xi'an city during COVID-19 new normal: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Agreement for diagnosis of depression and anxiety between self-assessment with e-questionnaire and psychiatric telephone interview among post-COVID-19 patients.Journal of education and health promotion · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionStigma develops during outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic due to the human fear that arises from the anxiety about a disease of an unknown etiology, with the associated detrimental consequences on both the individual and society. This study was conducted to assess if knowledge about COVID-19, attitude, practice and behavior regarding preventive measures against COVID-19, fear, and anxiety towards COVID-19 will affect the level of stigma and evaluate the mediating effect of fear, anxiety, and diagnosis of COVID-19 on stigma.
methodsA cross-sectional online survey conducted between December 20, 2020, and January 05, 2021, enrolled 405 participants recruited from the Lebanese population. Two scales were created and adapted to the Lebanese context to measure the current stigma (stigma discrimination scale, self-stigma scale) toward COVID-19.
resultsMore than half of the sample had moderate to severe stigma discrimination (62%) and self-stigma (65.9%). The multivariable analysis showed that higher fear of COVID-19 scale (Beta = .143) was significantly associated with a higher stigma discrimination scale. Whereas, higher knowledge score (Beta = -.153) was significantly associated with a lower stigma discrimination scale. Fear of COVID-19, anxiety from COVID-19, being diagnosed with COVID-19, and having a family member with COVID-19 partially mediated the association between knowledge and stigma discrimination scale. No mediation effect of fear and anxiety scale was found between the knowledge and self-stigma score.
conclusionOur main findings indicate that a considerable proportion of the Lebanese population has stigma discrimination behaviors toward COVID-19 patients and that those who were infected with the virus experienced COVID-19-related stigmatization.
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