ArticleBMC oral health2021
Hydrogeogenic fluoride in groundwater and dental fluorosis in Thai agrarian communities: a prevalence survey and case-control study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between fluoride intake from drinking water and severity of dental fluorosis in Northern and Western Mexico: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Analysis of salivary metabolites and microbial characteristics in patients with dental fluorosis.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Geochemical and machine learning approaches to groundwater fluoride prediction in Karaga District, Northern Ghana.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Correlation between dental fluorosis risk and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, matrix metalloproteinase and parathyroid hormone in children.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2024Article
- Identifying the oral microbiome of adolescents with and without dental fluorosis based on full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Worldwide Variations in Fluoride Content in Beverages for Infants.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Saliva microbiome alterations in dental fluorosis population.Journal of oral microbiology · 2023Article
- Adsorption of Fluoride onto Acid-Modified Low-Cost Pyrolusite Ore: Adsorption Characteristics and Efficiencies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Comparison of fluoride concentration and ph levels in drinking water between rainy and dry seasons in Tláhuac, Mexico City.Revista cientifica odontologica (Universidad Cientifica del Sur)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDental fluorosis can be a disease of social inequity in access to safe drinking water. This dental public health issue becomes prominent in socially disadvantaged agrarian communities in fluoride endemic areas where the standard irrigation system is unavailable and groundwater containing natural fluoride is the major drinking water source. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in children and to evaluate its association with fluoride in groundwater in the aforementioned setting in Thailand.
methodsA cross-sectional survey of 289 children in Nakhon Pathom Province was conducted in 2015. Children with very mild to severe fluorosis were regarded as 'cases' while their counterparts were 'controls' for a subsequent case-control study. Records of fluoride concentrations in groundwater used for household supply corresponding to resident and number of years by age of each child during 2008-2015 were retrieved. Other exposure variables were measured using a questionnaire. Prevalence ratio (PR), a measure indicating the relative effect of different levels of fluoride on dental fluorosis, was obtained from Poisson regression with robust standard error.
resultThere were 157 children with very mild to moderate dental fluorosis (54.3% prevalence). The univariable analysis revealed that the prevalence of dental fluorosis among children with fluoride concentrations in water sources of 0.7-1.49 (index category 1) and ≥ 1.5 ppm (index category 2) was 1.62 (95% CI; 0.78, 3.34) and 2.75 (95% CI; 1.42, 5.31) times the prevalence among those with fluoride < 0.7 ppm (referent category). After adjusting for all covariates, the adjusted prevalence ratios in both index categories were 1.64 (95% CI; 0.24, 11.24) and 2.85 (95% CI; 0.44, 18.52) which were close to their corresponding crude estimates. Since the magnitude of confounding, measured by (PR
conclusionsIn fluoride endemic areas, groundwater containing natural fluoride utilized for household consumption resulted in high dental fluorosis prevalence, particularly in the groundwater with fluoride concentrations of ≥ 1.5 ppm.
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