ArticleCells2021
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Contribute to COVID-19 Hyperinflammation and Humoral Autoimmunity.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 associated pediatric vasculitis: A systematic review and detailed analysis of the pathogenesis.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review on neutrophil extracellular traps and its prognostication role in COVID-19 patients.Immunologic research · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Mast cells release DNA Extracellular Traps (DETs) in response to SARS-CoV-2 and its spike protein.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- LL-37: Biological Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Applications in Intestinal Disease.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Review
- Incidence and clinical features of ANCA-associated vasculitis before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a single-center in Northern Spain.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Obesity and COVID-19 severity independently shape adipokine dysregulation and immune cell remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- NETosis: A key player in autoimmunity, COVID-19, and long COVID.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Review
- Neutrophils and NETs in kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- Exploring neutrophil extracellular traps: mechanisms of immune regulation and future therapeutic potential.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Characterization of anti-neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) antibodies according to systemic lupus erythematosus clinical phenotypes.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- A Mimetic Assay of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Degradation Using YOYO-1-Stained DNA-Histone Surface Webs.Cells · 2025Article
- Review
- Low-Density Neutrophils: Enigmatic Cells in Health and Disease.Journal of immunology research · 2025Review
- Impaired mucosal IgA response in patients with severe COVID-19.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Novel Clinical, Immunological, and Metabolic Features Associated with Persistent Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Immune Characteristic Genes and Neutrophil Immune Transformation Studies in Severe COVID-19.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles: The Invisible Heroes and Villains of COVID-19 Central Neuropathology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Viral afterlife: SARS-CoV-2 as a reservoir of immunomimetic peptides that reassemble into proinflammatory supramolecular complexes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is related to enhanced production of NETs, and autoimmune/autoinflammatory phenomena. We evaluated the proportion of low-density granulocytes (LDG) by flow cytometry, and their capacity to produce NETs was compared with that of conventional neutrophils. NETs and their protein cargo were quantified by confocal microscopy and ELISA. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and the degradation capacity of NETs were addressed in serum. MILLIPLEX assay was used to assess the cytokine levels in macrophages' supernatant and serum. We found a higher proportion of LDG in severe and critical COVID-19 which correlated with severity and inflammatory markers. Severe/critical COVID-19 patients had higher plasmatic NE, LL-37 and HMGB1-DNA complexes, whilst ISG-15-DNA complexes were lower in severe patients. Sera from severe/critical COVID-19 patients had lower degradation capacity of NETs, which was reverted after adding hrDNase. Anti-NET antibodies were found in COVID-19, which correlated with ANA and ANCA positivity. NET stimuli enhanced the secretion of cytokines in macrophages. This study unveils the role of COVID-19 NETs as inducers of pro-inflammatory and autoimmune responses. The deficient degradation capacity of NETs may contribute to the accumulation of these structures and anti-NET antibodies are related to the presence of autoantibodies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.