ArticlePolymers2021
Additive Manufacturing and Characterization of Metal Particulate Reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) Polymer Composites.
Article in Polymers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Parameter influence on the mechanical properties of FFF printed PLA/copper for EV lightweight dashboard analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effect of Processing Parameters on the Mechanical Behavior of 3D-Printed Basalt Moon Dust Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites.Polymers · 2025Article
- Article
- Complete Dosimetric Characterization of an In-House Manufactured SFRT Grid Collimator by 3D Printing with PLA-W Composite Filament.Polymers · 2025Article
- Biofabrication of zinc-reinforced PLA scaffolds by FDM for bone tissue engineering.Regenerative biomaterials · 2025Article
- Article
- Compressive Properties of Additively Manufactured Metal-Reinforced PLA and ABS Composites.Polymers · 2024Article
- Additively Manufactured Carbon-Reinforced ABS Honeycomb Composite Structures and Property Prediction by Machine Learning.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Improved Mechanical Performance in FDM Cellular Frame Structures through Partial Incorporation of Faces.Polymers · 2024Article
- Article
- Drug Loaded 3D-Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Scaffolds for Local Antibacterial or Anti-Inflammatory Treatment in Bone Regeneration.Polymers · 2023Article
- The Effect of Various Ti6Al4V Powders on the Behavior of Particle-Reinforced Polyester Matrix Composites.Polymers · 2023Article
- Characterization of 3D printing filaments containing metal additives and their particulate emissions.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- A Comparative Study of Different Poly (Lactic Acid) Bio-Composites Produced by Mechanical Alloying and Casting for Tribological Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Modeling Materials Coextrusion in Polymers Additive Manufacturing.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Modification of Cellulose Micro- and Nanomaterials to Improve Properties of Aliphatic Polyesters/Cellulose Composites: A Review.Polymers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Affordable commercial desktop 3-D printers and filaments have introduced additive manufacturing to all disciplines of science and engineering. With rapid innovations in 3-D printing technology and new filament materials, material vendors are offering specialty multifunctional metal-reinforced polymers with unique properties. Studies are necessary to understand the effects of filament composition, metal reinforcements, and print parameters on microstructure and mechanical behavior. In this study, densities, metal vol%, metal cross-sectional area %, and microstructure of various metal-reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) filaments were characterized by multiple methods. Comparisons are made between polymer microstructures before and after printing, and the effect of printing on the metal-polymer interface adhesion has been demonstrated. Tensile response and fracture toughness as a function of metal vol% and print height was determined. Tensile and fracture toughness tests show that PLA filaments containing approximately 36 vol% of bronze or copper particles significantly reduce mechanical properties. The mechanical response of PLA with 12 and 18 vol% of magnetic iron and stainless steel particles, respectively, is similar to that of pure PLA with a slight decrease in ultimate tensile strength and fracture toughness. These results show the potential for tailoring the concentration of metal reinforcements to provide multi-functionality without sacrificing mechanical properties.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.